2017年6月大学英语四级真题试
卷三
(完整版)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition ,their price and your contact information. You should write at least
120
words but no more than
180
words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
说明：
2017
年
6
月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements（28)_______. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a
carbohydrate
(碳水化合物的）(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of
caffeine
(咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a
placebo
(安慰剂） without, during 3 hours of (31)_______ . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
.
Team spirit
[A] Teams have become the basic building blocks of organizations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilization, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends
”
, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to
embark on
(开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.
[B] Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional
hierarchy
(等级体制).
[C] The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on
agility
(灵活性).John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that
“
we compete against market
transitions
(过渡)，not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “
millennials
” (千禧一代) who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
[D] The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by
speciality
(专业)and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams' General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams.
[E] A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, ‘Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don’t count on it.”
[F] Hackman (who died in 2013) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
[G] Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America’s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.
[H] The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of
sentimentalism
(感情用事)：the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunize teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “
deviants
” (离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that maybe upsetting to others.
[I] A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work―which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.
[J] However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction―employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
- Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.
- Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.
- In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.
- Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.
- Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.
- According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.
- Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team’s purpose.
- Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.
- To ensure employees’ commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.
- Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.
- Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.
- Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.
- In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.
- Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.
- Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.
- According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.
- Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team’s purpose.
- Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.
- To ensure employees’ commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.
- Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.
Section C
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.
Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.
This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £1.12 billion in 2015,according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.
In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.
Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll―to save money. “Strength，softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns of perfume,said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. ''These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.
”
While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy―in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons
’
toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).
One in 10 buyers rand toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
- The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because .
- What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?
- What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?
- The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because .
- What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?
- What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?
- Britons have cut their spending on it
- its prices have gone up over the years
- its quality has seen marked improvement
- Britons have developed the habit of saving
- Britons have cut their spending on it
- its prices have gone up over the years
- its quality has seen marked improvement
- Britons have developed the habit of saving
- It will expend in time.
- It will remain gloomy.
- It will experience ups and downs.
- It will recover as population grows.
- It will expend in time.
- It will remain gloomy.
- It will experience ups and downs.
- It will recover as population grows.
- Special offers would promote its sales.
- Consumers are loyal to certain brands.
C)Luxurious features add much to the price.
D)Consumers have a variety to choose from.
49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?
A) They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.
B) They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.
C) They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.
D) They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.
50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A) More and more Britons buy recycled toiler paper to protect the environment.
B) Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.
C) Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.
D) Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger，” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.
In her study, participants were
randomly
(随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used
nicotine
(尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.
Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they
’
d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you
’
re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,
‘
Well， if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice，
’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them
cravings
(瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,
”
says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it，’’Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A)
She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.
B)
She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
C)
She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
D)
She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
52.What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?
A)
They were given physical training.
B)
They were looked after by physicians.
C)
They were encouraged by psychologists.
D) They were offered nicotine replacements.
53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?
A)
It is idealized.
B)
It is unexpected.
C)
It is encouraging.
D)It is misleading.
54. The idea of “a marathon”（Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking_______
A)
is something few can accomplish
B)
needs some practice first
C)
requires a lot of patience
D) is a challenge at the beginning
55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
A)
They find it even more difficult.
B)
They are simply unable to make it.
C)
They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.
D) They feel much less pain in the process.
P
art IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2
.
黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
快速对答案
2017年6月大学英语四级真题试
卷三详细参考答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition ,their price and your contact information. You should write at least
120
words but no more than
180
words.
【解析】
写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在
25分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20分钟内完成一篇不少于120词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议：
一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数；
二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。
三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显的语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。
四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关的词语表达。
【参考作文】
Advertisement
I’m Li Hua, a senior student who is about to graduate and leave the campus, so I have three used course books about English learning to sell at a fairly low price!
These books could be beneficial to anyone who decides to buy them. First, the books provide many practical skills on the following three aspects of English learning: how to improve listening, speaking and writing. Second, the books are still well-maintained with seemingly brand new covers. Third, each book contains a delicate bookmark with the writer’s signature as a souvenir!
If you are interested in my book, please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions. I can be reached at phone 87654321. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
说明：
2017
年
6
月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements（28)_______. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a
carbohydrate
(碳水化合物的）(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of
caffeine
(咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a
placebo
(安慰剂） without, during 3 hours of (31)_______ . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
解析: 做选词填空题
第一步：将所选词进行动词，名词，形容词，副词分类
第二步：通读全文，了解大意，并根据空缺确定词性，从相应的词中寻找，不确定的空可以先不填
第三步：完成第二步后将剩余的空填完
第四步：检测，快速通读全文，检查错误
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. dose [dəus]
n. 剂量，药量;（药的）一服，一剂;（处罚等）一回，一次，一番;（酒中的）配料，增味剂;
vi. 服药;
vt. 给药;给…服药;把（药等）配分剂量;在（酒）中加料
2. capture [ˈkæptʃə]
vt. 俘获;夺取;夺得;引起（注意、想像、兴趣）;
n. 捕获;占领;捕获物;[计算机]捕捉
3. equivalent [iˈkwivələnt]
adj. 相等的，相当的，等效的;等价的，等积的;[化学]当量的;
n. 对等物;[化学]当量
4. reverse [riˈvə:s]
vt.& vi. （使）反转;（使）颠倒;掉换，交换;[法]撤消，推翻;
vi. 倒退;[桥牌]逆叫;
adj. 反面的;颠倒的;倒开的;[生]倒卷的;
n. 倒转，反向;[机]回动;倒退;失败
5. display [disˈplei]
n. 展览，陈列;陈列品，展览品;显示器;炫耀;
vt. 显示;陈列;展开，伸展;夸示，炫耀;
vi. （计算机屏幕上）显示
6. marathon [ˈmærəθən]
n.体 马拉松赛跑；长距离比赛；需要长时间努力或耐力的事件或活动
adj.需要极大持久力的
vi.参加马拉松比赛
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N) sufficient adj.足够多的，足以
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【解析】 During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products.
本空应填形容词，在
_______
锻炼期间，当然烧完燃料并制造出废物后，我们的肌肉就会疲劳，一般，我们的肌肉是不疲劳了，可见这是一种高强度的锻炼。故正确答案为
O) vigorous adj.强有力的
。
27.【答案】I) phenomenon n.现象
【解析】Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,”
本空前面是冠词a 后面缺一个名词，并且这个名词是单数可数的，再结合给出的选项，
D) cycling n.骑自行车，I) phenomenon n.现象，M) solution n.解决方法，
D选项排除，根据上下文内容，M选项排除，
故正确答案为
I) phenomenon n.现象。
28.【答案】E) effectively adv.有效地
【解析】由 in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements（28)_______.
可知：本句话是一个完整的句子，因此空后应填写一个副词，再结合选项A
cautiously adv.谨慎地，小心地
，
E) effectively adv.有效地，
根据句意.....从直接
_______
肌肉引动,填写
E) effectively adv.有效地，最恰当。
故正确答案为E选项。
29.【答案】G) involved v.涉及，参与
【解析】whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes.
通读上下文，此处应填写非谓语动词，
involved in
固定搭配，意为参与某事，故正确答案为G选项。
30.【答案】M) solution n.解决方法,溶液
【解析】researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a
carbohydrate
(碳水化合物的）(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of
caffeine
(咖啡因)，
由前面的a，可知，后面缺一个名词，再根据句意研究人员给十一名志愿骑行者一种带有限制剂量咖啡因的碳水化合物的
_______
。，再结合给出的选项
D) cycling n.骑自行车，M) solution n.解决方法,溶液，排除d选项，
故正确答案为
M
选项，此处考察同学们的单词掌握程度。
31.【答案】D) cycling n.骑自行车
【解析】 during 3 hours of (31)_______ .
，本空介词之后，应填一个名词，
根据上下文内容
，可知本空应填写
D) cycling n.骑自行车
。即在三个小时的骑行时间里。正确答案为J选项。
32.【答案】C) control v.控制
【解析】the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system.
本空前有
could
，空后是宾语，因此应填写动词原型，根据句意，科学家想弄明白他们的大脑是如何
控制
视觉系统的。故正确答案为C选项。
33.【答案】J
【解析】 The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information.
本空前句子完整，空后中心词为
ability
，本空应填动词的现代分词，只有两个选项
J) preventing v.阻止，L) slowing v.减慢，而能与ability
搭配的只有
J) preventing
故正确答案为J选项。
34.【答案】N) sufficient adj.足够多的，足以
【解析】由 The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect,
，可知本空前是
was
，空后
是
to
，按语法结构来讲，应填写形容词或者非谓语动词，根据句意可知，咖啡因相当于两杯浓咖啡，
_______
扭转这种效果。结合给出的选形容词，填写
N) sufficient adj.足够多的，足以
最为合适。故正确答案为N选项。
35.【答案】F)increased adj.增加的
【解析】 with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds.
，本控动宾关系明确，此处应填写形容词修饰后面的名词
eye movement speeds
，根据句意，有些骑手甚至显示出眼睛移动速度
_______
此处填写
F)increased adj.增加的，
最合适。故正确答案为F选项。
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
.
Team spirit
[A] Teams have become the basic building blocks of organizations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilization, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers.
【41】
But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends
”
, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.
Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to
embark on
(开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.
[B] Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards.
【38】
Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制).
[C] The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the
old way
of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on
agility
(灵活性).John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics
products
, says that
“
we compete against market
t
ransitions
(过渡)，not competitors.
【45】
Product transitions
used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. ”
Digital technology also makes it easier for people to coordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “
millennials
” (千禧一代) who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
[D] The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by
speciality
(专业)and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams' General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war.
【37】
His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting:
decentralise authority
to self-organising teams.
[E] A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, ‘Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.”
【43】
The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don’t count on it.”
[F] Hackman (who died in 2013) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team.
【42】
If it is hard enough to define a team’s
membership
, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
[G] Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage.
【40】
Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.
This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America’s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.
[H] The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of
sentimentalism
(感情用事)：
【36】
the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.
They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunize teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “
deviants
” (离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that maybe upsetting to others.
[I] A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting,
【44】
finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work
―which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.
[J] However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams.
【39】
Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction
―employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
解析: 做段落匹配题，由于时间限制，需要快速阅读，大眼一看，就得得出答案，否则将影响后后面的写作。
第一步：仔细阅读给出的选项
36-45，
第二步：带着问题读一段文章，结合给出的选项做出选择，找不到的先放到一边，接着读下一段。
第三步：完成第二步后将剩余的没有匹配的题目
第四步：如果有时间的话可以检测一下，看有没有错误
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. Recruitment [rɪ'kru:tmənt]
n.征募新兵；补充；募集
2. routinely [ru:'ti:nlɪ]
adv.例行公事地；常规地，惯常地；老一套地
3. civilization [ˌsivilaiˈzeiʃən]
n. 文明，文化;开化，教化;修养;文明社会
4. executive [iɡˈzekjutiv]
n. 总经理;行政部门;[计算机]执行指令;
adj. 执行的;管理的;政府部门的
5. restructuring [ˌri:ˈstrʌktʃərɪŋ]
v.重建，改建，重组( restructure的现在分词 )
6. conventional [kənˈvenʃənl]
adj. 传统的;习用的，平常的;依照惯例的;约定的
7. functional [ˈfʌŋkʃənl]
adj.功能的；[数]函数的；有多种用途的；机能性
8. employee [ˌemplɔiˈi:]
n. 雇工，雇员，职工
9. disciplinary [ˈdɪsəplɪnəri]
adj.纪律的；训练的；惩罚的
10. affair [əˈfɛə]
n. 事情，事件;事务;个人的事，私事;风流韵事
11. innovation [ˌɪnəuˈveiʃən]
n. 改革，创新;新观念;新发明;新设施
12. Digital [ˈdidʒitəl]
adj. 数字的;数据的;手指的;指状的;
n. 手指;（钢琴等的）琴键;数字
13. hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑ:ki]
n.[计]分层，层次；等级制度；统治集团；天使的级别或等级
14. nursery school [ˈnə:səri sku:l]
n.幼儿园；托儿所
15. onwards [ˈɒnwədz]
adv.向前
16. Decentralisation [ˌdi:sentrəlaɪ'zeɪʃən]
n.分散
17. authority [ɔ:ˈθɔriti]
n. 权威;权力;学术权威;[复数]当权者
18. military [ˈmilitəri]
adj. 军事的;军用的;讨厌的;好战的;
n. 军人;军队;武装力量
19. corporate [ˈkɔ:pərət]
adj.法人的，团体的，社团的；公司的，总体国家的；〈古〉团结的；共同的，全体的
20. Clinic [ˈklinik]
n. 诊所，门诊部;特殊病例分析;临床讲授;临床实习课
21. consultant [kənˈsʌltənt]
n.（受人咨询的）顾问；会诊医生，（顾问）医生；求教者，（与人）商议者，征求意见者，查阅者，咨询者
22. collaborate [kəˈlæbəˌreɪt]
vi. 合作，协作;（国家间的）协调，提携;勾结，通敌
23. speciality [ˌspeʃiˈæliti]
n. 专业，专长;特性;特制品;英〉同specialty
24. hierarchical structure [ˌhaiəˈrɑ:kikəl ˈstrʌktʃə]
层次结构，分级结构；递阶结构
25. hinder [ˈhɪndə(r)]
vt.& vi.阻碍，妨碍；成为阻碍
adj.后面的，后方的
26. insurgent [ɪnˈsɜ:dʒənt]
adj.起义的，叛乱的，造反的
n.起义者，叛乱者，造反者
27. decentralise [di:'sentrəlaɪz]
vt.权力下放，将（权力等）自中央政府转到地方政府；将（工业、工人等）自集中点分散到较大的区域内
n.分散
28. thumb [θʌm]
n. 拇指;（手套的）拇指部份;
vi. 翘起拇指请求搭乘（过路汽车），示意请求搭便车;翻阅;
vt. 翻阅;作搭车手势;用拇指翻脏[翻坏]（书页等）
29. bandwagon [ˈbændwægən]
n.时尚，浪潮；[音乐]乐队彩车；[非正式用语] 引导车；[非正式用语]潮流
30. insight [ˈinsait]
n. 洞察力，洞悉;直觉，眼光;领悟;顿悟
31. generate [ˈdʒenəreit]
vt. 形成，造成;产生物理反应;产生（后代）;引起
32. motivation [ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn]
n.动机；动力；诱因
33. chip away [tʃip əˈwei]
拆掉，削掉，铲除；凿[敲]下碎片；蚕食；逐步瓦解
34. collaboration [kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn]
n.合作，协作；通敌，勾结
35. High-flyer [hai ˈflaiə]
n.抱负极高的人，有野心的人
36. empower [ɪmˈpaʊə(r)]
vt.授权；准许；使能够；使控制局势
37. Profound [prəˈfaund]
adj. 深厚的;意义深远的;严重的;知识渊博的;
n. 〈诗〉深海，大洋;深渊;（灵魂）深处
38. tricky [ˈtrɪki]
adj.狡猾的；（形势、工作等）复杂的；机警的；微妙的
39. proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃən]
n. 比，比率;[数学]比例（法）;面积;相称，平衡;
vt. 使成比例;使相称;使均衡
40. contractor [kənˈtræktə(r)]
n.订约人，承包人；收缩物
41. incident [ ˈinsidənt]
n. 事件，事变;小插曲;敌对行动;骚乱;
adj. [法]附带的;[光]入射的;易有的，附随的
42. disband [dɪsˈbænd]
vt.（使）解散，散伙；解体；遣散
vi.解散；遣散
43. rid [rid]
vt. 使摆脱，解除，免除
44. inclusive [inˈklu:siv]
adj. 包括的，包罗广泛的;包括…的;一切开支包括在内的;（语言使用上）不分男女的
45. dysfunction [dɪs'fʌŋkʃn]
n.机能障碍，机能失调
46. immunize [ˈɪmjunaɪz]
vt.使免疫；使免除
47. engaged [ɪnˈgeɪdʒd]
adj.（指厕所等）有人用的；已订婚的；（指电话）占线的；忙碌的
v.与某人订婚；保证，约定；从事( engage的过去式和过去分词)；吸引或引起（注意、兴趣等）
48. hotbed [ˈhɒtbed]
n.（坏事、暴力等的）温床
49. Loosely [ˈlu:slɪ]
adv. 松散的，蓬松的;轻易，轻松地，随手地，随意地;大意，粗略地，不严格的;无力地，软绵绵地
50. compelled [kəm'peld]
v.强迫，使不得不( compel的过去式和过去分词 )；引起反应
【答案】H
【解析】关键词
leaders
，
根据
【36】
the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.
可以定位到H段 因此本题的正确答案为H选项
【答案】D
【解析】关键词
Decentralisation of authority
，由
【37】
His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting:
decentralise authority
to self-organising teams.
可以定位到D段
因此本题的正确答案为D选项
【答案】B
【解析】关键词为a network of teams，
【38】
Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise:
a network of teams
is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制).
因此本题的正确答案为B选项
【答案】J
【解析】根据
【39】
Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction
可以定位到J段，红线部分是问题的同义转换，因此本题的正确答案为J选项
【答案】G
【解析】关键词为
culture
根据
【40】
Teams work best if their members have a strong common
culture
.
可以定位到G段，因此本题的正确答案为G选项
【答案】A
【解析】Deloitte
为关键词，通读第一段
【
41
】
But a new report by
Deloitte
, “Global Human Capital Trends
”
, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.
，符合句意，因此本题的正确答案为A选项
【答案】F
【解析】关键词membership根据
【42】
If it is hard enough to define a team’s
membership
, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
可以定位到C段，因此本题的正确答案为F选项
【答案】E
【解析】
【43】
The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don’t count on it.”
，是上述的同义转换，因此本题的正确答案为E选项
【答案】I
【解析】根据
【44】
finds that the best way to
ensure
employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work
可以定位到I段，因此本题的正确答案为I选项
【答案】C
【解析】关键词Product transitions
，
【45】
Product transitions
used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. ”
因此本题的正确答案为C选项
Section C
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
【46】
The Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.
Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.
This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £1.12 billion in 2015,according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore,
【47】
the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.
In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.
Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll―to save money. “Strength，softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns of perfume,said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett.
【48】
''These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.
”
【49】
While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy―in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality.
Top of Britons
’
toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).
One in 10 buyers rand toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,
【50】
highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality.
In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. Penny-pinching [ˈpeniˌpintʃiŋ]
adj.一毛不拔的，吝啬的，小气的
2. tissue [ˈtɪʃu:]
n.薄纸，棉纸 [生]组织 一套
3. subsequent [ˈsʌbsɪkwənt]
adj.后来的 随后的 作为结果而发生的 附随的
4. household [ˈhaʊshəʊld]
n.家庭，户 （集合词）全家人，（包含人在内的）家眷，家属，家里人 家庭 （英）王室
adj.家庭的，家内的，一家的 日常的，家常的，普通的 家喻户晓的 王室的
5. toilet roll [ˈtɔɪlɪt rəul]
n.成卷的纸
6. luxurious [lʌgˈʒʊəriəs]
adj.奢侈的 豪华的 放纵的 词藻华丽的
7. perfume [ˈpɜ:fju:m]
n.香水 香料 香味，香气
vt.使…充满香气 喷香水于…
8. deem [di:m]
vt.认为，视为 主张，断定
vi.认为，视为，以为 作某种评价
9. fussy [ˈfʌsi]
adj.大惊小怪的 难取悦的 易烦恼的 （衣着，字句等上）充分讲究的
10. rand [rænd]
n.鞋后根与鞋底中间的垫皮，边缘
11. manufacturer [ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə(r)]
n.制造商，制造厂 厂主 [经]厂商
【答案】A
【解析】本题为推理题， 由
【46】
The Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.
可知：研究发现为了节省费用，英国购物者在卫生纸上花费更少了，结合给出的四个选项，a项最为恰当，以及英国人在卫生纸节省经费。因此正确答案为A选项。
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题， 由
【47】
the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.
可知：未来的市场并非繁荣的，预计2016年将持续跌至11.1英镑，因此正确答案为B选项，将持续处在低迷状态。
A)Special offers would promote its sales.
B)
Consumers are loyal to certain brands.
C)Luxurious features add much to the price.
D)Consumers have a variety to choose from.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为
细节
题， 由
【48】
''These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.
”
可知：对于大多数消费者来说，奢华的功能是不必须的，但这导致了此类型产品比常规的卫生纸要贵的多，甚至在促销的时候。做这种类型时采取排除法，b，d两项明显错误，a项不符合题意，为干扰题。因此正确答案为C选项。
49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?
A)
They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.
B)
They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.
C)
They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.
D)
They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题， 由
【49】
While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy―in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality.
可知：虽然英国人在卫生纸上花费很少，但是她们对卫生纸的质量很讲究，fussy的意思是讲究的，因此正确答案为A选项。
50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A)
More and more Britons buy recycled toiler paper to protect the environment.
B)
Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.
C)
Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.
D)
Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为推理题， 由
【50】
highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality.
可知：对消费者来说，产品质量比整体环境要重要，本题需要用排除法，b，c文中没有体现，可以先排除掉，很多同学可能错选了a项，但通读最后一段，确实出现了环境，这一词，但文中并不是说要保护环境，而是对整体的环境而言，他们更注重产品的质量，故A项排除，因此正确答案为D选项。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger，” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers,
【51】
she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.
In her study, participants were
randomly
(随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks.
【52】
People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray.
They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.
Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started,
【53】
most of the people had said they
’
d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you
’
re training for a
marathon
, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,
‘
Well， if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice，
’”
says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case.
【55】
Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day,
which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point.
【53】“Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective
,
”
says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira.
“When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it，’’Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
【杀掉拦路虎】
1. abruptly [ə'brʌptlɪ]
adv.突然地；意外地；（言谈举止）唐突地；地质 陡起地
2. patch [pætʃ]
n. 补丁，补片;碎片，碎屑;（文章的）一段;斑点;
vt. 修补，拼凑;暂时遮掩一下;修理，平息（吵架等）;用美人斑装饰（脸）;
vi. 打补丁
3. gum [ɡʌm]
n. 口香糖;树胶;黏胶;牙龈;
vt.& vi. 胶合;涂以树胶;使…有粘性
4. spray [sprei]
vt.& vi. 喷;喷射;
n. 喷雾;喷雾器;浪花;（用作装饰的）小树枝
5. therapy [ˈθerəpi]
n.治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力
6
. stuck [stʌk]
v.刺(stick 的过去式及过去分词)
adj.动不了的；被卡住的；被…缠住的；被…难住的，不知所措
7. convincing [kənˈvɪnsɪŋ]
adj.令人相信的；有说服力的；令人心悦诚服的
v.使相信(convince的现在分词)；使明白；使确信；说服
8. marathon [ˈmærəθən]
n.体 马拉松赛跑；长距离比赛；需要长时间努力或耐力的事件或活动
adj.需要极大持久力的
vi.参加马拉松比赛
9. turn up [tə:n ʌp]
开大；翻起；出现；（尤指失去后偶然）被发现
10. reduction [riˈdʌkʃən]
n. 减少;降低;[数学]约简;[摄影术]减薄
11. withdrawal symptoms
脱隐症状（戒除某习惯时所引起的痛苦和不适）
12. preference [ˈprefərəns]
n. 偏爱;优先权;偏爱的事物;（债权人）受优先偿还的权利
13. quote [kwəut]
vt.& vi. 引述，引用;
vt. 报价;引述;
vi. 引用;
n. 引用;报价;引号
14. compelling [kəmˈpelɪŋ]
adj.引人入胜的；扣人心弦的；非常强烈的；不可抗拒的
v.强迫，使不得不( compel的现在分词)
15. odds [ɒdz]
n.希望，可能性；几率，胜算；掣肘的事情；逆境
16. illustrate [ˈiləstreit]
vt. 说明;表明;给…加插图;（用示例、图画等）说明;
vi. 举例说明
51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A)
She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.
B)
She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
C)
She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
D)
She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
【答案】
B
【解析】本题为细节题， 由
【51】
she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.
可知：她发现她妈妈煎的方式很正确——突然彻底的戒掉，因此正确答案为B选项。
52.What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?
A)
They were given physical training.
B)
They were looked after by physicians.
C)
They were encouraged by psychologists.
D)
They were offered nicotine replacements.
【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题， 由
【52】
People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray.
可知：在他们戒烟之前，除了使用尼古丁的替代产品像口香糖或者是喷雾，都使用了尼古丁贴片，也就是说再戒烟之前他们都使用了尼古丁的替代物。因此正确答案为D选项。
53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?
A)
It is idealized.
B)
It is unexpected.
C)
It is encouraging.
D)
It is misleading.
【答案】C
【解析】本题为细节题， 由
【53】“Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective
,
”
says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira.
可知：不管你有什么样的偏好，如果你准备去戒烟了，突然的戒掉是更有效的，因此正确答案为C选项。
54. The idea of “a marathon”（Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking_______
A)
is something few can accomplish
B)
needs some practice first
C)
requires a lot of patience
D)
is a challenge at the beginning
【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题， 由
【53】
most of the people had said they
’
d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you
’
re training for a
marathon
, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,
‘
Well， if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice，
’”
可知：大多数人说他们在戒烟之前，需要逐渐减少吸烟量，如果你在进行马拉松训练，你别指望着立马就能到达，只管尽力去跑，我认为吸烟也是这样，如果我逐渐减少，就像练习一样，不难看出文中所表达的意思就是，戒烟就像跑马拉松一样，需要慢慢来的。因此正确答案为B选项。
55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
A)
They find it even more difficult.
B)
They are simply unable to make it.
C)
They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.
D)
They feel much less pain in the process.
【答案】A
【解析】本题为细节题， 由
【55】
Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day,
可知：让戒烟的人逐渐戒烟，会让他们成瘾或或者是出现脱瘾症状，选项b说的是他们不可能成功戒烟，选项c说的是他们很少出现脱瘾症状，选项d说的是他们在戒烟过程中很少有痛苦。因此正确答案为A选项。
P
art IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2
.
黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。
注意：此部分试题请在
答题卡2
上作答。
【参考译文】
The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “yellow” describes the muddy water of the river. The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China. However,due to the frequent devastating floods, it has caused many disasters. In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.
