2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)

PartIWriting(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on thepicturebelow. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring usefulinformation in spite of advancedinformation technology. You are required towrite at least 150 words but no more than200 words．

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Part II ListeningComprehension(30 minutes)

听力音频地址：

http://wximg.233.com/attached/media/20160426/20160426163646_2894.mp3

SectionA

Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the endof each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about whatwas said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read thefour choices marked A), B), C.and D.,and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through thecentre.

1. A.Sheis impatient to learn computer programming.

B.She isunaware her operation system is outdated.

C.She isunable to use the new computer program.

D. Sheis amazed at the fast change of technology.

2. A.He has long been fed up with traveling.

B.Heprefers to stay home for the holiday.

C.He isgoing out of town for a couple of days.

D. He isannoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.

3. A.The challenges facing East Asia.

B.Thelocation for their new office.

C.Theirexpansion into the overseas market

D. Theliving expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.

4. A.Anumber of cell phones were found after the last show.

B.Thewoman forgot where she had left her cell phone.

C.Thewoman was very pleased to find her cell phone.

D.Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.

5. A.The building materials will be delivered soon.

B.Theproject is being held up by bad weather.

C.Theconstruction schedule may not be met.

D.Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.

6. A.She is getting very forgetful these days.

B.Shedoes not hold on to bitterfeelings.

C.Sheresents the way she is treated.

D. Shenever intends to hurt anyone.

7. A.The man wants to rent a small apartment.

B.Thewoman has trouble getting a mortgage.

C.Thewoman is moving to a foreign country.

D.Theman is trying to sell the woman a house.

8.A.They are writing a story for the Morning News.

B.Theyare facing great challenges to get re-elected.

C.Theyare launching a campaign to attract women voters.

D.Theyare conducting a survey among the women in town.

Questions9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A.Touch his heart.

B.Makehim cry.

C.Remindhim of his life.

D.Makehim feel young.

10. A.Heis good at singing operas.

B.Heenjoys complicated music:

C.He cansing any song if he likes it.

D.Heloves country music in particular.

11.A.Goto a bar and drink for hours.

B.Go toan isolated place to sing blues.

C.Go tosee a performance in a concert hall.

D.Go towork and wrap himself up in music.

Questions12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A.How he became an announcer.

B.How hewrites news stories.

C.How hemakes his living.

D.How hedoes his job.

13. A.They write the first version of newsstories.

B.Theygather news stories on the spot.

C.Theypolish incoming news stories.

D.Theywrite comments on major news stories.

14.A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.

B.Havinglittle time to read the news before going on the air.

C.Havingto change the tone of his voice from time to time.

D.Gettingall the words and phrases pronounced correctly.

15. A.It shows where advertisements come in.

B.Itgives a signal for him to slow down.

C.Italerts him to something important.

D.Itserves as a reminder of sad news.

SectionB

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.

PassageOne

Questions16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A.Itgives pleasure to both adults and children.

B.It isoften carried around by small children.

C.It canbe found in many parts of the world.

D.It wasinvented by an American Indian.

17.A.They were made for earning a living.

B.Theywere delicate geometric figures.

C.Theywere small circus figures made of wire.

D.Theywere collected by a number of museums.

18. A.In art.

B.Ingeometry.

C.Inengineering.

D.Incircus performance.

PassageTwo

Questions19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.A.They offer students a wide variety of courses.

B.Theyattract students from all over the world.

C.Theyadmit more students than they can handle.

D.Theyhave trouble dealing with overseas students.

20.A.Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.

B.A goodeducation contributes to the prosperity of a nation.

C.A goodeducation is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.

D.Everyonehas a right to an education appropriate to his potential.

21. A.Helikes students with high motivation.

B.Heenjoys teaching intelligent students.

C.Hetailors his teaching to students' needs.

D.Hetreats all his students in a fair manner.

PassageThree

Questions22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A.Itis mostly imported from the Middle East.

B.It isa sure indicator of its economic activity.

C.It hasa direct impact on the international oil market.

D.Itequals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.

23. A.Iteventually turns into heat.

B.It isused in a variety of forms.

C.Itsuse is chiefly responsible for air pollution.

D.Partof it is lost in the process of transmission.

24. A.When it is used in rural areas.

B.Whenit is environment-friendly.

C.Whenit operates at near capacity.

D.Whenit operates at regular times.

25. A.Traffic jams in cities.

B.Inefficientuse of energy.

C.Fuelshortage.

D.Globalwarming.

SectionC

Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is readfor thefirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When thepassage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks withthe exact words you have justheard. Finally, when the passage is read for thethird time, you should check what youhave written.

Graphicsare used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math oreconomics,or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to26and expand onconcepts taken up in the textbecause graphics are yet another way of portrayingrelationships and27connections.

Graphicsare used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientistswork withstatistics 28 data, and the best way to present thesestatistics is often in graphic form. Graphicsare included- not merely as ameans of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but asanintegral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks,29thosein economics, contain

appendixesthat provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.

Make ita practice to30attentively the titles, captions, headings, and othermaterialconnected with graphics. These elements31and usually explainwhat you are looking at. Whenyou are examining graphics, the32questionsto ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)What

key ideais the author33?

Onewarning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you maymake a wrongassumption.34, from a chart indicating that 33 percent offirstborn children in a research sampledid not feel close to their fathers, youmight assume that some dreadful influence was at work on thefirstborn children.However, a careful reading of the text35that most of the firstbornchildren inthe sample were from single-parent homes in which the father wasabsent.

Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)

SectionA

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the correspondingletter for each item on Answer

Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthebank more than once.

Questions36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Accordingto a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everydayproducts,including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to anincreased risk of brain and behavioraldisorders in children. The developingbrain, the report says, is particularly36to the toxic effectsof certainchemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be37.

Theofficial policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental38havelong urgedU.S. government agencies to39the use of some of the 11chemicals the report cites and called formore studies on their long-termeffects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency40thetype and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes andchild-care41, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. Theagency is now42the toxic effects ofsome of the chemicals in the latestreport.

Butthe threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioraldisorders, likehyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social andgenetic factors, it's tough to pin themon exposure to specific chemicals withsolid43evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Eventhe Harvard studydid not prove a direct44but noted strong associations between exposureandrisk of behavioral issues.

Nonetheless,it's smart to45caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids fromdrinkingtap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kidsaway from lawns recently sprayedwith chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothescan't hurt.

A.advocates

B.compact

C.correlation

D.exercise

E.facilities

F.interaction

G.investigating

H.overwhelmed

I.particles

J.permanent

K.restricted

L.simulating

M.statistical

N.tighten

O.vulnerable

SectionB

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer thequestions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

TheImpossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions

[ A ]Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is atransition from importedto domestic oil or from coal-powered electricityproduction to natural-gas power plants, politicianslove to talk big.Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are abitlike an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built tolast for a very long time,they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takesa lot of energy to set them moving ), andthey have a lot of momentum once theyare set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can'tturn something thatlarge on a dime ( 10美分硬币 ), or even a few thousand dimes.

[ B ] Inphysics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding thedynamics ofenergy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance ofobjects to efforts to changetheir state of motion. If you try to push a boulder( 大圆石 ), itpushes you back. Once you havestarted the boulder rolling, it developsmomentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be"conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere.So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot ofmomentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion.If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stophim, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly applypressure to gradually alter his course.

[ C ]But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak onlyof objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum.Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relisheshaving the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or changedirection.

[ D ]One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed,its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an objectcurrently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. Theincandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbolof inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms.Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. Thereare standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, andmore. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.

[ E ]But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of thosespecialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures, from thedesk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp youinherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to thelight in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points atyou. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change thebulb and its fixture.

[ F ]And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that houseincandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms andentire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescentlighting reflects off walls and windows.

[ G ] Aslighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “ Generally, there are no bad light sources,only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristicsof the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yetthe selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置 ) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed,and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, andthe room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. Ifthe CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object withinthat space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and thatfixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的 ) relationship.A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expectedto produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim.The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is neveran inexpensive proposition.

[ H ]And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man whoilluminated the Statue of Liberty.

[ I]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes inour energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we aregoing to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclearpower in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talentthat could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers,regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the newenergy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, ifthey are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, likeany other complicated endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective newenergy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the rightsequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before thebuilders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know thereis work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universitiesmight have to change their training programs,

addinganother layer of difficulty.

[ J ] Byfar the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changingour energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energysystems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation anddistribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They haveto operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have beenrecovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant,they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, whichis typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the UnitedStates have operated for more than 70 years!

Theoldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the UnitedStates is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in1898.

[ K ] AsVaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations citedabove have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought thetransitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energytransitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedentedmanner. "

[ L ]When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type ofenergy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch fromgasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch.from an incandescentto a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum canhelp you decide whether their plans are feasible.

46. Notonly moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.

47.Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training ofprofessionals and skilled labor.

48.Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.

49.Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed asexpected.

50. Tochange the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.

51.Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.

52. Theproblem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but intheir applications.

53. Thebiggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is tooexpensive to replace.

54. Theapplication of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.

55.Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energysystems.

SectionC

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

PassageOne

Questions56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Onehundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring toAmericans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully droppedto make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtakenby "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988,Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term toembrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as"Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had alreadybeen

freed ofwidespread discrimination.

Acentury's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming anygroup is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the waysin which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negativethan those of "African American. "

Butif it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from"African Americans,"researchers, until now, hadn't identified whatthat gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by EmoryUniversity's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed morenegatively.than "African Americans" because of a perceived differencein socioeconomic status. As a result,"Black" people are thought of asless competent and as having colder personalities.

Thestudy's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating theprofessional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, cantap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations withgroups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-AmericanLawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," thenames of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members'control.

Inone of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of aman from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identifiedas "African-American," and another was told he was "Black." With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams'ssalary,professional standing, and educational background.

The"African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 ayear and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on theother hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only"some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first groupguessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percentof the second group thought so.

Hall'sfindings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use"African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it'sa decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a newphrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizingDu Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thingthat counts. "

56. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term"African American" for people of African descent?

57. A.It is free from racial biases.

B.Itrepresents social progress.

C.It isin the interest of common Americans.

D.Itfollows the standard naming practice.

57. Whatdoes the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?

A.Itadvances with the times.

B.It isbased on racial roots.

C.Itmerits intensive study.

D.It ispolitically sensitive.

58. What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?

A.Racialbiases are widespread in the professional world.

B.Manyapplicants don't attend to details on their resumes.

C.Jobseekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.

D.Mostrecruiters are unable to control their racial biases.

59. Whatdoes Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?

A.AfricanAmericans fare better than many other ethnic groups.

B.Blackpeople's socioeconomic status in America remains low.

C.People'sconception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.

D.One'sprofessional standing and income are related to their educational background.

60. Whatis Dr. Du Bois's ideal?

A.AllAmericans enjoy equal rights.

B.Aperson is judged by their worth.

C.Anew term is created to address African Americans.

D.Allethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.

PassageTwo

Questions61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Acrossthe board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job ofpreparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. Thiswas made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and JosipaRoksa.In 2011 they released a landmark study titled"AcademicallyAdrift," which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced bymany people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, collegestudents were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning andother higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today'sknowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challengesand dynamic change.

Arum andRoksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down collegecurriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to collegeis supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters withoutdoing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take morechallenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But thepriorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playingsports, and partying and socializing.

LauraHamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in aforthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with thesocial and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party,Hamilton describes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many studentsthrough college, helped-along by various clubs that send students into theparty scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this watered-downversion of college, universities are"catering to the social andeducational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won'tenjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once theygraduate.

Thesestudents need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to usetheir degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privilegedstudents must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates cantestify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuinecompetence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is theglobal economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weakliteracy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare betterthan those with only a high school education, of course. But a universitydegree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievementindeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for Americanuniversities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions andcharging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.

61. Whatis Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?

A.Itaims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.

B.Itfails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.

C.It hasexperienced dramatic changes in recent years.

D.It hastried hard to satisfy students' various needs.

62. Whatis responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?

A.Thediluted college curriculum.

B.Theboring classroom activities.

C.Theabsence of rigorous discipline.

D.Theoutdated educational approach.

63. Whatdoes Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?

A.Theyfail to give adequate help to the needy students.

B.Theytend to offer too many less challenging courses.

C.Theyseem to be out of touch with society.

D.Theyprioritize non-academic activities.

64. Whatcan be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?

A.Theytend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.

B.Theycan afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.

C.Theyspend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.

D.Theycan climb the social ladder even without a degree.

65. Whatdoes the author suggest in the last paragraph?

A.Americanhigher education has lost its global competitiveness.

B.Peopleshould not expect too much from American higher education.

C. Thecurrent situation in American higher education may not last long.

D.Itwill take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.

PartIVTranslation(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you .are allowed 30,minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机，、不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马来西亚(Malaysia)签署了为其提供高速列车的合同j这证明人们信赖中国造产品。

中国造严品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解

(第2套)

PartIWriting

这是一篇六级考试中常见的图画作文。“信息技术”是考生在口常生活中非常熟悉的话题，但我们通常熟悉的是对网络信息技术利与弊的分析，而本篇作文的写作重点是信息技术对我们获取有用信息方面的影响。除“描图”以外，考生应该将重点放在第二段“解图”上，即解释信息技术致使我们难以获得有用信息的原因。联系实际可知，其原因主要是面对现代科技带给我们的大量信息时，我们没有足够的能力去辨别这些信息的好与坏，其次就是网络法规的不健全导致无价值的信息充斥我们的生活。

一、描述图片：虽然我们拥有大量的先进科技，却难以获得所需要的有用信息(equipped with advanced devices and information technology, hardlyobtain helpful information)

二、分析原因

三、提出建议：由单纯地索取信息转向甄别信息（transferred our focus from obtaining more information todiscriminating information)

有用信息难以荻取正如上图所描述的那样，几位员工正在开会，其中一个员工抱怨道：“我们有大量的信息科技，但我们却没有得到有用的信息。”这副图画想要表达的是尽管有先进的设备和信息科技，我们却很难得到自己所需要的有用导致这一现象的原因有很多。首先，由于我们越来越依赖各种各样的先进设备，这些设备给我们带来了大量的信息。然而，面对如此多的信息，我们实际上并没有足够的能力辨别哪些是有用的，哪些是无用的。此外，网络监管法律条例不健全也是一个不容忽视的事实，这使得我们难以阻止无用的信息充斥着我们的生活。依我看，由于我们目前正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代，我们无法拒绝信息科技带给我们的好处。但是，现在的确到了我们把注意力从索取信息转向甄别信息的时候了。只有这样，才能得到我们所需要的正确信息。

主题词汇

replace 取代

despiteof 尽管

distinguish辨别

convenience便利性

thanksto 多亏了

over-depending过度依赖

payefforts to...付出努力

sideeffects 副作用

shortcutto helpful information获得有用途径

句式拓展

1.Theyare facing a difficult problem that although they have lots of advancedinformation technology, they still fail to... 他们正面临的困难是尽管拥有大量先进的信息技术，他们仍然无法……

2.Advanced technology cannot be the substitute of human endeavors in... 在...方面，先进的科技无法取代人类自身的努力。

Part IIListening Comprehension

1. W:I'm so frustrated with this new computer program. I just can't figure it out.

M: Iknow what you mean. It could be overwhelming, especially since the technologyis always changing.By the time you learn one program, it's outdated.

Q: Whatdo we learn about the woman from the conversation?

C.

四个选项均是以She开头的句子，前三个选项中出现了含有im．，un．这类表示否定前缀的词语，以及computer，outdated，program，technology等与电脑程序相关的词汇．故推测该对话内容以某女士与计算机程序之间发生的不好的事件为主。

对话中女士表示自己很郁闷，弄不明白新的电脑程序，也就是选项C中“不会使用”的意思；选项B的干扰性较大，男士指出现在技术变化快，系统更新得也快．并不是说女士的系统过时了，故答案为C。

2. W:Don't you wish you were going away for the holiday?

M: No,I'm happy to stay at home. It's pretty irritating having to fight all thatholiday traffic just to get out of town for a couple of days.

Q: Whatdoes the man mean?

B.

四个选项均是以He开头的句子，通过选项中出现的traveling，holiday，traffic可以判断该对话与男士的假期出行有关。

对话中男士明确提出“他宁愿待在家里”，故答案为B。

3. W:We're new in East Asia, so we have to be careful in choosing the location forour regional office.

M: Well,Tokyo and Singapore are both attractive, but the living expenses there areincredibly high.

Q: Whatare the speakers discussing?

 

四个选项均为名词词组，故推测该题考查对话谈论的主要内容。通过选项中出现的地名

EastAsia, Tokyo and Singapore 以及 office, market 可以判断对话与贸易市场有关。

对话中女士指出她们新进入东亚市场，因此在选择区域办公室所在城市时务必谨慎，男士也相应地指出了两个备选城市的优缺点，故答案为B。

4. W:Excuse me, did anybody see my cell phone after the last show? It may haveslipped out of my pocket during the performance.

M: Infact, we found several. Please go check at the ticket counter.

Q: Whatdo we learn from the conversation?

A.

前三个选项均含有cell phone(S)；再结合选项B)、C)中的left，find可以推测，对话和女士丢手机有关；只有选项D)没有提到手机，因此成为答案的几率很小，但是其中提到的地点——售票处——应该与丢手机有关。

对话中男士提到演出结束后他们捡到了好几个手机，让女士去售票处找，故答案为A。

5. W:Will you be able to complete the project on time?

M: Well,I'm having my carpenters work full time, but some important building materialsare being delayed at the customs.

Q: Whatdo we learn from the conversation?

C.

四个选项均为句子，且主语各不相同，因此本题考查对话的综合内容。buildin9和

construction与建筑相关，held up(耽搁)和schedule与时间相关，再结合badweather和not be met这类消极方面的词汇，可推测对话内容与建筑工程未能按时完工有关。

对话中女士询问工程是否能够按时完工，男士提到木工们全天都在工作，但是一些重要材料在过海关时耽搁了，也就是说他们也许不能按时完工，故答案为C。

6. W: Iwish I hadn't hurt Jane's feelings like that. You know I never meant to.

M: Onething I like about Jane is she doesn't harbor resentment. I guess she hasforgotten all about it by tomorrow.

Q: Whatdoes the man say about Jane?

四个选项均是以She开头的句子，故该题考查与女士相关的信息；同时选项中出现了bitter

feelings，treated，hurt，故推测对话与某人的情感受到伤害有关；此外，not，never的出现提示考生应注意听取表示否定的内容。

该题要关注的不是对话中的女士，而是他们提到的Jane；对话中，女士担心自己伤害了Jane，男士则指出Jane的一个优点就是不记仇，不高兴的事很快就忘了，故答案为B。

7. M:The next place I will show you is going for a great price. The owners aremoving to a foreign country,so they have to sell it immediately.

W: It'sbeautiful. I like the small apartment attached to the back. We can rent it outto help with our mortgage payments.

Q: Whatdo we learn about the speakers from the conversation?

四个选项的主语两个是woman，两个是man，因此推测该题考查对话双方的综合信息；选

项中出现了mortgage“抵押贷款”．通常是买房时用到，再结合rent，apartment，sell，house等词可推测，该对话与买卖房屋或者租房有关。

对话中男士在带女士看房，并且说价钱很合适，而且女士也比较满意，认为可以将后面的小套房租出去，以便补贴抵押贷款，故答案为D。

8. W:Did you read the Morning News? They did a story on our election campaign.

M: Sure.I guess it will spark some interest among the women in town. Without theirvotes, we won't be able to win the election.

Q: Whatdo we learn about the speakers from the conversation?

 

四个选项均为They are V-ing形式的句子，故推测该题考查对话双方正在做的事情；选项

B)、C)中出现了re．elected，campaign，voters等词，可推测对话与选举有关，选项C)、D)出现了women一词，可推测该选举活动与女性有关。

对话中女士指出，《晨报》报道了她们的选举活动，男士认为报道可以引起城里女性的关注，没支持，就很难赢得选举(注意不是竞选连任)，也就是说他们活动的目的就是吸引女性投票者，C)。有她们的故答案为Conversation One

W:Charles, as a singer, do you ever make yourself cry when you sing?

M: No,not at this age. I'm an old man. (9) But the songs can still get through to me.

W: Whatsong writers are currently exciting you?

M: Idon't know much about song writers. Once in a while, I'll listen to the radioto see what they are putting out, but it's not too often I hear something Ilike. Somebody like Art Tatum can make me sit up and take notice, but somemusic, like rap, isn't very musical and I can't learn anything from it. You gotto do something more than talk to me.

W:What's the most difficult kind of music to sing?

M: Itdepends. ( 10-1 ) If I like something, I can sing it. I did the opera Porgiambest and that's said to be a complicated piece of music. And I can do countrymusic, blues and love songs. (10-2) On the other hand, I can't sing something Idon't like and that's one of my defects.

W: Canyou perform music that's out of tune with the mood you might be in on a givennight?

M: Yes,because when you sing, you are like an actor performing a part. Once you getout there, you become that part，only you’re using music instead of dialogue．(11)I am the kind of a person that ff my personal life is hurting,Ican go to work and the music will take over．It's like aguy who goes to a bar and drinks．For those few hours，I can wrap myself up in my music．

未听先知:预览四道题各选项，其中出现了him，singing，operas，country music，blues等词，因此预测对话的主角是一位从事音乐事业的男士；另外选项中提到了多种音乐形式，因此该题会涉及男士所从事的音乐类型；第9题和第ll题均为动作题，需要注意对话中出现的动词。第9题中出现了feel young，结合我们推测的音乐主题，进一步推测该题考查音乐对男士的影响；第11题四个选项均以G0开头，因此对话中应该也会涉及男士去某处的内容。

9．What does Charles saysongs call do when he sings them?

A:详解:四个选项均是动词词组，读题时要选取主要词汇，如Touch…heart，Make…cry，feel young等，都是关于音乐给人带来影响的词汇，因此本题考查音乐给男士带来的影响。对话中男士提到他现在岁数大了，已经过了因为音乐而哭泣的年龄，但是音乐仍能让他感动，get through to me在这里意为“打动我”，故答案为A。

10．What does Charles sayabout himself as a singer?

C:详解:四个选项均是句子，出现了enjoys，likes，loves等表示喜好的词汇，其中operas和country music分属不同种类的音乐，故推测该题考查男士喜欢演唱的音乐类型。对话中男士提到如果他喜欢某种音乐，他就可以唱，不喜欢就不唱。故答案为C)。

11．研Iat would Charles do whenhis personal life is hurting?

D：详解:四个选项均是以Go t0开头的词组，bar，place，concert hall是地点词汇，to sing，to see，to work是动作词汇，因此推断本题考查男士去某处做某事的具体内容。对话中男士指出如果个人生活中遇到失意的事情，他会去工作，全身心投入到(wrap myself up)音乐中去，音乐就会取代(take over)不开心的事，酒吧喝酒只是男士做的一个类比，故答案为D。

W：1 wonder if you could telme a little bit about your job as a radio announcer．(12)Whatdo you actually do and how do you prepare for your job?

M：Well，in the news room I am sitting with reporters and news—subs，as though I air sitting in a newspapernews room．

W：Sorry，what do you mean by news—subs?

M：(13)They are sub-editors．They are the people who write the news stories as they come in．The stories are then passed to the senior duty editor and theassistant editor．As stories go through the chain ofpeople．they are refined．correctedand sorted out until they come finally to me and(14一1)Ihave a chance to read through most stories before I go on the air．Of course．sometimes things happen at thelast moment and I don’t have a chance．So I've just got to do my best．and take acouple of seconds to look through the first few lines before I launch intosomethin9．Because it’s such apity if you start off on a bright tone on a story and suddenly realize you aretalking about some people having been killed in a road crash．(14—2) It is very important to just have aquick flip through．

W：There is nothing to markwhat out of entity on your piece of paper．

M：(15)N0，I have my own little mark．If it's something sad，I'II put a small cross at the top．That’s my little clue．So while I am working onthe news．I'm just absorbing the news and checkingpronunciations．

“未听先知:预览四道题各选项，其中出现了he，living，job，news stories，由此预测对话与男士的新闻工作有关；第l2题均以How开头，因此要留心对话中关于询问的内容；第l4题均为动名词开头，故应注意对话中可能会出现的动名词；第13、l5题的主语不是主人公he，而分别是They和It，因此在听的过程中要分辨其分别指的是什么。

whatdoes the woman want to know about the man?

D)。详解:四个选项均是以“How he+动词”开头，an announcer，livin9，job都与工作有关，故推测该题与男士的工作相关。对话中，女士问男士的工作具体是做什么的以及要做哪些准备工作，也就是在问他的工作是怎么进行的，故答案为D)。

13．What does the man say news—subs do?

A)。详解:四个选项均是以“They+d0”开头的句子，每句话中均出现了news stories，因此本题考查他们对新闻故事做了什么处理：写、收集、润色还是评论?注意They肯定是对话中提到的某一类人。对话中男士解释了news．subs的职责，说他们是副编辑，有新闻故事的时候，由他们进行编写，然后稿子才会转到高级责编和助理编辑手中做进一步处理，也就是说他们是新闻稿件的初稿撰写人，故答案为A)。

14．What does the mall say isa big challenge for him?

B。详解：四个选项均是名词词组，选项中出现了Readin9，voice，pronounced，均是与朗读有关的词汇，因此推测该题与朗读新闻时的动作有关。对话中男士指出播音之前通常有时间可以事先读完大部分的新闻故事，但是往往在最后关头也会有其他事情发生，因此并不是每次都有机会提前阅读，而事先看一眼非常重要，因为这样能够避免工作中的失误，故答案为B)。

15. Whatrole does the man say his small cross place?

四个选项均是以It开头的句子，选项B)、C)的谓语动词后均出现了宾语9ives…him，alerts

him，故推测It是在协助男士做某事，故本题可能考查It对男士的作用。对话中男士表示他会用小叉号标记悲伤的新闻故事，故答案为D)。

PassageOne

Youprobably know what a mobile is, but the mobile I'm talking about is a delicateobject of decoration hanging from the ceding and moving gently with everybreath. (16) It delights both children and adults. Now,do you know who inventedthe mobile? This lovely creation was the work of an American artist namedAlexander Calder. Calder became interested in making things when he was a child.And even then he often

usedwire in his constructions. When he went to college, he studied engineeringrather than art. (18) But he quickly realized that art was his real passion.(17) He also loved the circus, and many of his early artworks were small circusfigures made with wire. In about 1930, Calder turned from realistic wirefigures to abstract ones. He began constructing objects that have circles,squares and other geometric shapes. To get the shapes to move, he used smallmotors. Then he went one step beyond these early mobiles. He got the shapes inhis constructions to move by themselves. A mobile may look simple as it shiftsin the wind, but it requires careful

constructionto work properly. Calder used his engineering knowledge to create his firstmobiles. Often these consisted of small pieces of brightly printed metal strungby wire to a thicker base wire. Calder learn how to find the precise point toconnect each wire so that all the pieces will sway in harmony. In doing so, hecreated

an artform for people all over the world to copy and enjoy.

预览三道题的选项，很难从其中找出范畴接近的词汇进而推测文章大意。第l6题主语一致，都是It，并且children出现了两次，因此推测It应该与孩子有关；第l7题主语为复数They，表明短文中会提到复数的东西，并且是人物形象figures，细心的考生这时可能会发现该题中的made和上题中的invented范畴接近，都含有“发明，制作”的意思，故猜测短文可能是关于制作孩子喜欢的人物形象。

16. Whatdoes the speaker say about a mobile?

四个选项的主语均是It，其中children出现了两次，综合未听先知的信息点，以及选项中出现的carried，found，invented，可推测本题可能考查某种与孩子有关的事物的性质特点。短文中指出成年人和孩子都喜欢风铃，故答案为A)。

17. Whatdo we learn about many of Alexander Calder's early artworks?

四个选项均是以They开头的过去时句子，因此询问的是过去发生的事情。B)、C)选项极为

接近，都是形容词作表语，修饰figures，因此推断这里的They指的就是figures(人物)，该题考查这些人物形象的相关内容。短文中指出Calder的早期作品都是用线制成的马戏团的小人物形象，后来才转向抽象的形象，故答案为C)。

18.Where does Alexander Calder’s real passion lie?

 

四个选项均是“In+名词”构成的介词短语，art，geometry和engineerin9属于学科领域，因此推测该题可能考查Calder在设计风铃时应用的学科或者Calder本人的学科或兴趣。题目考查的是Calder本人的真正热情所在，短文中提到他的真正爱好是艺术，故答案为A)。

Passage Two

If sheernumbers provide any proof, America's universities are the envy of the world.(19) For all their troubles, the United States' 3,500 institutions were floodedwith more than haft a million students from 193countries last year. Asia ledthe way, with the biggest number from China, followed by Japan and India. MostEuropean and Asian universities provide an elite service to a small number ofpeople. While fully 64% of all U.S. high school graduates attend college ofsome point in their life, just 30% of the comparable German population,28% ofthe French,20% of the British, and 37% of the Japanese preceed beyond highschool.Britains who pass their A levels may still not qualify for a topuniversity at home, but find American universities far more welcoming. Some U.S. schools acknowledge the rigor of European secondary training, and will giveup to a year's credit to foreigners who have passed their high schoolexams.(20) The conception that everyone has a right to an education appropriateto his potential is a highly democratic and compassionate standard, saysMarvenBreselor, a professor at Princeton University. True, not all U. S.students can match the performance of their foreign counterparts, but theAmerican institutions do offer students from rich and poor families alike thechance to realize their full potential. "America educates so many morepeople at university that one can't expect all those who go to be asintelligent as the much narrower band in British universities," says theprofessor Christopher Rakes at Boston University, (21) "I'm not againstelitism, but I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn. "

顶览三道题的选项，由students，good education和teaching可推断短文与教育、教学有关。第l9题主语为They，students均是作为宾语出现，故推测短文开头会提及复数主语与学生之间的关系；结合第20题可知，短文可能涉及优秀教育的意义；结合第21题出现的He和his students可知，短文中还会涉及一位教育工作者。

19. Whatdoes the speaker say about the America's universities?

四个选项均是以They开头的句子，宾语都是students，根据A)中的0ffer…courses可推测They指的可能是学校；代入B)选项也成立；因此该题考查的是某些学校的学生情况。短文中指出“尽管这些大学也存在着一些问题，去年美国的3500所大学吸引了来自全球l93个国家的50多万名学生”，be flooded with意为“充斥”，暗指学生如潮水般涌入美国大学，也就是说，美国大学吸引了来自世界各地的学生。短文中的troubles并非指学生太多或学校无法应付，因此选项C)、D)可以排除，故答案为B)。

20. Whatis Americans' view on education according to Professor Marven Breselor?

D)

四个选项中出现了Everyone，benefit，goodeducation contributes，因此推测该题考查的是优秀教育的意义及其与个人的关系。短文中马文·布莱斯勒教授明确提出“每个人都有权利接受与自己潜能相匹配的教育，这个概念是高度民主和善意的标准”，故答案为D。

优秀教育己潜能相

21. Whatdo we learn from Professor Christopher Rakes' remark?

四个选项均是以He开头的句子，his students表明He是一位老师，结合likes，enjoys这些积极的词汇可推测，该题与这位教师的优秀教学有关。在短文最后，克里斯特弗·瑞克斯教授指出“我不反对精英主义，但是我碰巧喜欢教那些学习欲望更加强烈的人”，即他喜欢学习动力强的学生，故答案为A。

PassageThree

(22)Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30 million barrels ofoil each day. That's energy in all forms--off, gas, coal, nuclear, solar andeven wind power.(23) Viewed from scientists' standpoint, all the energycontained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat. Some of the heat isused directly or produces useful work; the rest is lost or rejected, radiatedinto the atmosphere from the engines,motors, boilers and all the otherenergy-consuming machinery that makes Americans' wheels go around. (25-1 ) Ifwe could figure out how to improve the efficiency with which we use energy, wecan do a lot more work with the energy that is available. With money andcareful planning, we can boost efficiency up to a point. Yet improvement won'tcome easily, it won't come overnight and there are limits beyond which not evenscience can take us. According to the Centre for Strategic and InternationalStudies, about three quarters of energy we use to move things, includingourselves, accomplishes no useful work. (25-2) In terms of efficiency and

cleanness,buses, trains and other forms of public or mass transportation are superior tothe private automobile. (24) But only if they operate at near capacity,otherwise, their overall efficiency is poor. For some people, mass transitmight answer all transportation needs. For others, a combination of masstransit and private transportation may be desirable. Better design and wiseruse of both mass transit systems and private vehicles will play an importantpart in helping America get more out of energy used for transportation.

预览四道题的选项，由选项中的0il，heat，pollution，enviroment-friendly，energy，Feul等词可以推测，短文与能源和环保有关；根据第24题各选项中的When，需要关注短文中提到的时间点；第25题是抽象的名词短语，推测可能会考查文章的中心议题。

22. Whatdoes the speaker say about energy used in the United States?

 

四个选项均是以It开头的句子，C、D中均出现了oil，可推测该题可能与石油相关。短文中提到美国人每天使用的能源等于3千多万桶石油，故答案为D)。

23. Whatdo scientists say about energy contained in fuel?

四个选项均是与it相关的句子，其中还出现了turns into heat，air pollution之类的词，可猜测it肯定与能源有关系。短文中提到，燃料里所含的全部能源迟早都会变成热量，故答案为A。

24. Whendoes mass transit prove superior to private vehicles?

 

四个选项均以When开头，used和operates均为表示使用、操作类的词汇，因此推测本题与使用某物的条件有关。短文中提到公共交通工具只有在发挥最大能效时，才能在能源使用效率和清洁度上优于私人交通工具，故答案为C。

25. Whatseems to be the speaker's biggest concern?

 

四个选项均是抽象名词，推测可能与短文的中心思想有关。短文中提到了各种交通工具，但

是没有涉及交通拥堵，故可排除A；能源短缺是事实，但短文中并没有重点关注，故可排除C；短文只是提到能源最终变成了热量，但并没有引申到全球变暖的话题，故可排除D；说话者多处提到efficiency，并指出了效率的重要性，“资金投入加之详细计划，我们可以提高能源使用效率”，同时对交通工具的低能效表示关注，因此他真正关注的是能源利用率不足，希望提高使用效率，故答案为B。

26.illustrate 比空前面是to，需要填入动词原形，构成不定式，与后面的动词原形expand并列，而且习型，也可以推断此处应该填人一个动词原形。illustrate意为“用(事例、图画)说明”。

27. 此空前面是表示并列的and，后面是一个名词，因此应该填入一个动名词与前面的 clarifyingportraying relationships陶成并列形式，共同作为介词of后面的补足语。clarifying意为“说明，澄清”。

28.derived from 此空前面是完整的一句话，并以一个名词结束，后面and…又是一个完整的句子，因此该空以及其后的data应该是第一个分句中的从属部分；该句句意为“由数据而来的统计数字”，注意应该填入过去分词作后置定语。derived from意为“源自，取自”。

29、 particularly 此空前面的Many textbooks和后面的those in economics是同位语，因此该空应该填入一个不影响句子成分和意义的副词。particularly意为“尤其是”。

30.preview 此空前面是动词不定式的标志词t0，后面是副词，因此应该填人一个动词原形。整句话的意思是“要养成习惯，先仔细阅读图表的题目、说明文字、标题以及与图表相关的资料”。preview意为“预览”。

31. setthe stage 此空前面是复数主语，后面是并列连词and以及一个动词原形，因此该空要填入谓语动词；这句话的意思是说“这些要素可以帮助你建立对图表初步的理解”。Set the stage意为“做准备，打基础”。

32.principal 此空前面是定冠词the，后面是复数名词questions，因此应该填人一个形容词作定语。

principal意为“主要的”。

33.Communicating

此空前面的What key idea is the author是一个间接引语从句，该空需要填入从句的谓语动词，此句为现在进行时，因此需要填入V-ing形式。communicatin9意为“交流，传达”。

34. Forinstance

此空后面句子完整，因此需要填入副词或者介词短语作状语；注意句子首字母需要大写。For instance意为“例如”。

35.reveals 此空的前面为名词词组，后面是that引导的从句，因此需要填人谓语动词；主语为单数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语应为第三人称单数形式。reveals意为“揭露”。

 

名词：A.advocates拥护者，提倡者：C.correlation相关，关联；E.facilities设施，设备；F.interaction相互作用，互动；I.particles 微粒，粒子

动词：D.exercise行使，运用；G.investigating调查，研究；H.overwhelmed压倒，击败，淹没；K.restricted限制，限定；L.simulating模拟，模仿，假装；N.tighten使变紧，加强控制

形容词：B.compact紧密的，紧凑的；J.permanent永久的；M.statistical统计上的，统计学上的：0.vulnerable 脆弱的，易受伤害的．

36．O.vulnerable。详解：该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，处于系动词is之后．介同to之前，且空格处所填单词被副词particularly所修饰，综合考虑，此处应填入形容词vulnerable，本句含义为“孩子们正在发育的大脑易受伤害”，be vulnerable to为固定搭配，表示“易受……的伤害”．故答案为O.vulnerable“脆弱的，易受伤害的”。备选项里的compact，permanent，statistical与上下文语义不符．故均排除。

37．J.permanent。详解：该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，处于系动词be之后，因此可填人形容词或名词作表语。本句含义为“所造成的危害可能是永久性的”。所以此处应填入形容词permanent一故答案为J.permanent“永久的”。在备选项中其他形容词均与上下文语义不符，故排除。

38．A.advocates。详解：该空格位于形容词environmental之后，且其后紧接的就是谓语动词have long urged…，由此判断此处应填入复数形式的名词，作句子的主语、，本句主语所发出的动作是“敦促政府部门做某事”．因此应填入advocates：故答案为A)advocates“拥护者，提倡者”．备选项中correlation及interaction均是单数形式，而facilities与particles与上下文语义不符，故均排除。

39．N.tighten。详解：该空格处于urge sb．to do sth．的结构中，应填人及物动词的原形，上文提到官方政策还在制定中，而健康及环保人士已经做出努力，下文提到“报告中提及ll种化学品的使用”，故此处应填人tighten，本句含义为“健康及环保政策的拥护者们敦促政府部门加强对报告中提及的ll种化学品的管制”。故答案为N.tighten“使变紧，加强控制”：备选项中exercise虽然满足语法形式要求，但其含义与上下文语义不符，故排除。

40．K.restricted。详解：该空格位于主语the Environmental Protection Agency之后，宾语thetype and amount之前．本句中又含有明确的时间状语in 2001，故应填入动词的过去式．综合上下文考虑，本句含义应为“环保部门限制了铅使用的种类和数量”。故答案为K.restricted“限制，限定”、备选项中overwhelmed与上下文语义不符，故排除，而其他选项的词形均不符合要求。

41．E.facilities。详解：该空格位于复合形容词child-care之后，故空格处应填人名词，本句含义为“环保部门限制了存留在家居环境中的涂料、土壤及儿童保育器械上所使用铅的种类和数量”。故答案为E.facilities“设施，设备”。备选项中correlation，interaction，particles均与上下文语义不符，故排除。

42．G.investigating。详解：该空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，句中明确出现了时间状语now，故谓语动词应使用现在进行时，本句含义为“目前这个机构正在研究最新的报告中所提及的一些化学品的毒性”。故答案为G.investigating“调查，研究”。备选项中simulating也满足同形要求，但其与上下文语义不符，故排除。

43．M.statistical。详解：该空格位于形容词sold和名词evidence之间，名词evidence同时也是先行词，被which引导的定语从句修饰，空格处应填人形容词，与solid一起修饰名词evidence。根据常识可知，统计学数据对于政策制定关系很大，故此处应填人statistical。本句含义为“很难凭确凿的统计学证据证明这一现象是由于暴露在某些化学物质下引起的”。故答案为M.statistical“统计上的，统计学上的”。备选项中的形容词还剩下compact，但与上下文语义不符，故排除。

44．C.correlation。详解：该空格位于不定冠词a和形容词direct之后，应填入可数名词的单数形式．分析上下文可知，此处表达的意义为“暴露于有害的化学物质之下与患行为方面疾病风险之间存在直接相关性”。故答案为C.correlation“相关，关联”、备选项中名词还剩下interaction和particles，均不符合上下文语义，故排除。

45．D.exercise。详解：该空格位于“it is+adj+(for sb．)+to do sth．”的结构中。应填入动词原形，且该动词还能与caution进行搭配，从上下文语境可知，本句含义为“采取小心谨慎的措施总是明智的选择”， 故答案为D)exercise“行使，运用”。备选动词中动词原形只剩下exercise可选。

46. Notonly moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.

不仅仅是运动的物体和人具有动能，所有的系统也都具有动能。

由题干关键词moving objects和have momentum定位到原文画线处。

47.Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training ofprofessionals and skilled labor.

要改变当前的能源系统，就需要对专业人员和技术人员进行系统的培训。

由题干关键词trainin9和skilled labor定位到原文画线处。

48.Changing a fight bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.

更换灯泡要比更换灯具容易得多。

由题干关键词Changing a light bulb和fixture housing it定位到原文画线处。

49.Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed asexpected.

加速现有能源转型的努力并没有预想的那样成功。

由题干关键词accelerate和energy transitions定位到原文画线处。

50. To change the light sourceiscostly becauseyou have to change thewhole fixture.

改变光源的成本高昂，因为要替换整套灯具。

由题干关键词change the whole fixture定位到原文画线处。

51.Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.

能源系统如同一艘在运行的航空母舰一样，有着巨大的动能。

由题干关键词Energy systems和aircraft carrier定位到原文画线处。

52. Theproblem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but intheir applications.

如果照明有问题通常问题不是出在光源上，而是出在应用方法上。

由题干关键词light sources和applications定位到原文画线处。

53. Thebiggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensiveto replace

能源转型最大的障碍在于替换当前的能源系统的成本太高。

由题干关键词biggest obstacle和energy system定位到原文画线处。

54. Theapplication of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.

某项技术应用的影响范围要远远超过其本身。

由题干关键词technology和impact定位到原文画线处。

55.Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain thedynamicsofenergysystems.

运动物体的物理特征能帮助解释能源系统动力学。

由题干关键词characteristics和dynamics of energy systems定位到原文画线处。

PassageOne

56. A.由题干中的人名Jesse Jackson定位到文章首段最后两句 :And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jacksondeclared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This onewas chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as " ItalianAmericans" and " Irish Americans," that had already been freedof widespread discrimination.

事实细节题。定位句指出杰克逊选中“非洲裔美国人”这个称谓，是因为它和“意大利裔美人”和“爱国尔兰裔美国人”这些已经摆脱种族歧视的群体的称谓相仿，寄托着摆脱种族歧视的希望，故答案为A)。

B.“它代表着社会进步”，在原文定位处并没有明确提示，可以排除；C.“它代表普通美国人的利益”，该称谓只涉及到美国的黑人群体，因此这种说法过于宽泛，可以排除；D.“它遵循了标准的命名规范”，原文中并没有提到有标准的命名规范，杰克逊所寄托的是摆脱种族歧视的希望，可以排除。

由题干关键词namin9定位到文章第二段首句：A century’s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming anygroup is a politically freighted exercise.

事实细节题。定位句指出，美国黑人称谓历经一个世纪的变化表明了一个事实，那就是给一

个群体命名是承载着政治意义的行为，故答案为D)。

A.“它随着时代进步”，这种说法过于笼统，也不是作者所要表达的主要意思，可以排除；B.“它是基于种族根源的”，原文中并没有提到，可以排除；C)“它值得深入研究”，尽管后文提到了关于种族称谓的系列研究，但都是用来说明群体称谓的社会政治意义的，故“值得深入研究”不是作者要表达的主要意思．可以排除。

58 A.

根据题干中的Erika Hall’s findings定位到文章第四段首句：The study’s most striking

findingsshed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.

推理判断题。定位句指出，艾丽卡·霍尔的研究结果揭示了种族偏见已经渗透到了职业领

域，permeatin9与widespread意义相近，故答案为A。

B.“很多求职者都不注意他们简历的细节”，文中只是提到涉及种族称谓的细节会引起招聘者的注意，并没有说求职者不注意细节，可以排除；C.“找工作的人加入团体要谨慎”，第四段中作者建议找工作的人提及与种族称谓相关的经历时要谨慎，但并没有说是否要谨慎加入团体，可以排除；D.“大多数的招聘者都不能控制其种族偏见”，文中没有提到种族偏见能否被控制的问题，只是说这种偏见可能会对招聘有影响，可以排除。

59．C

由题干中的 experiment 和 Williams定位到文章第六段 : The "African-American" group

that heearned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The"Black"

theother hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only"some"

Estimatedgroup, on college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessedthat Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of thesecond group thought so.

推理判断题。从定位段落可以看出，同一个人被冠以“非洲裔美国人”和“黑人”的不同称谓时，会引发人们对他的经济社会地位和教育背景的不同联想，可见人们对一个人的看法与其称谓大有关联。故答案为C。

A.“非洲裔美国人比其他很多种族群体生活得都好”，该句是对原文的曲解，原文只是对同一族群的两个不同称谓进行比较，不涉及其他族群，可以排除；B.“黑人在美国的社会经济地位仍很低”，原文没有比较黑人与其他族群的社会经济地位，可以排除；D.“一个人的职业地位和收入与其教育背景相关”，文中未明确提及，可以排除。

60．A

由题干中的Dr．Du Bois's ideal定位到文章最后一句：Perhaps a new phrase is needed，one that canbring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistichope: "It's not the name--it's the Thing that counts. "。

定位句提到杜博斯的理想：“称谓不重要，事物本身才重要”。这个理想里面，Thin9很关键。

文章第二段提到，给任何一个群体命名都是一种承载着政治意义的活动。从全篇来看，对非洲裔美国人称谓的每次变化，都体现了对racial bias(种族歧视)的弱化。可是文章最后，作者提到，a new phrase is needed(需要一个新词汇)，这说明作者认为“African American”这个提法还不合适，还需要不断的改进。再结合杜博斯的话，“称谓不重要，事物本身才重要”。美国政府不断更换称谓就是为了消除种族歧视，而种族歧视的根源就是美国人没有真正地实现全民平等，所以由此得出，杜博斯的理想就是：所有美国人都享有平等的权利，故答案为A。

“对人的判断不应基于其称谓，而应是这个人本身”，杜博斯的话没有涉及到对人的判断，可以排除；C.“给非洲裔美国人创造一个新的称谓”，这个意见是作者提出的，而不是杜博斯，可以排除；D.“所有的种族都分享到国家的持续进步”，杜博斯的话主要关于如何判断一个人，没有涉及种族问题，可以排除。

PassageTwo

61．B

由题干中的

Arum andRoksa's finding定位到文章首段最后一句：In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were notdeveloping the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-levelskills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and tolead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.

推理判断题。定位句指出，阿鲁姆和罗克萨发现，大学生没有培养批判性思维、分析推理以及其他更高级的技能，而这些技能是在当今知识经济中取得成功，以及在这个充满复杂挑战和瞬息万变的时代领导我们国家发展所必备的，由此可见，美国高等教育没有让学生做好面对现代化挑战的准备,故答案为B。

A.“它旨在激发大学生的求知欲”，第一段第三句提到许多大学生的知识增长不足，但并未

提及美国高等教育的目标是激发大学生的求知欲，可以排除；C.“它在最近几年发生了翻天覆地的变化”，定位句只提到我们现在所处的时代瞬息万变，并不是指美国的高等教育发生了巨大的变化，可以排除；D.“它已经尽力满足了学生的各种需求”，原文并未提及美国的高等教育竭尽所能地满足学生的各种需求，可以排除。

62．A

由题干中的the students’lack of higher-level skills定位到文章第二段第一句：Anita and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on awatered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards.

事实细节题。定位句指出，“阿鲁姆和罗克萨把学生的学术不足归咎于掺水的大学课程和较

低的大学生学习标准”，由此可见，学生缺乏更高级的技能是因为掺水的大学课程，故答案为A。

B.“无聊的课堂活动”、C.“没有严格的纪律”和D.“过时的教学方式”，原文均未提及，故排除。

63．D

根据题干中的Laura Hamilton和college administrations定位到文章第三段第一句：Laura

Hamilton,the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in aforthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with thesocial and athletic activities of their students.

推理判断题。定位句指出，劳拉·汉密尔顿认为大学的管理部门过于关注其学生的社会和体

育活动，由此可知，大学的管理部门优先安排非学术活动，故答案为D。

A.“它们没有给贫困生提供足够的帮助”，原文并未提及给贫困生提供帮助，可以排除；

B.“它们往往提供过多难度不大的课程”，第三段第二句提到各种让学生参加聚会的俱乐部以及大量更简单的专业令许多大学生的毕业变得更容易，但并没有表明大学的管理部门倾向于提供过多简单的课程，可以排除；C.“它们似乎与社会脱节”，原文并未提及大学的管理部门是否与社会脱节，可以排除。

64．B

由题干中的the socially and financially privileged students定位到文章第三段第二句和第三句 : In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the"party pathway," which eases many students through college, helpedalong by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host ofeasier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college,universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthystudents at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backingor social connections of richer students once they graduate.

推理判断题。定位句指出，“聚会之路”使许多学生的大学毕业变得更加容易，而各种让学生参加聚会的俱乐部以及大量更简单的专业也促成了这一点，通过批准这种精简版本的学院，大学“正在迎合有钱学生的社会和教育需求，却以牺牲其他学生为代价”，由此可知，享有社会和经济特权的学生为了享受人生而能够选择较简单的专业，故答案为B。

A.“对于同龄的同学，他们往往拥有一种优越感”，原文并未提及享有社会和经济特权的学生拥有优越感，可以排除；C.“他们花大量的时间建立强大的商业人脉关系”，第二段最后一句提到许多本科生的优先事项是课外活动、体育运动、聚会和社交，但既没有强调是享有社会和经济特权的学生，也没有强调是为了建立强大的商业人脉关系，可以排除；D)“即便没有学位，他们也能飞黄腾达”，第四段第一句和第二句指出大学生如果想把学位作为迈人中产阶级的跳板，就需要在大学期间学习技能和知识，而享有更多特权的学生也不能浪费这个机会，由此可知，享有社会和经济特权的学生也需要学位，故D.与原文意思不符，可以排除。

65．C

由题干中的the last paragraph定位到文章最后一段的最后一句：Forstudents who have been coasting through college, and for American universitiesthat have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charginghigher tuition,.the party, ma.v soon be over.

 

推理判断题。定位句指出，对于那些学习要求少，却提供更多诱惑并收取更高学费的大学而

言，聚会可能很快就会结束了，由此可知，美国高等教育的现状不会持续太久了，故答案为C。

A.“美国高等教育已失去其全球竞争力”，最后一段第四句只提到全球经济也不会宽容美国

劳动力日益薄弱的识字、数学和科学能力，但并没有表明美国高等教育已失去其全球竞争力，可以排除；B.“人们不应该对美国的高等教育期待太多”，原文没有提及，可以排除；D.“改变高等教育的现状需要很长的时间”，定位句提到美国高等教育的现状很快就会改变了，故D.与原文意思不符，可以排除。

PartIVTranslation

Recently,the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. China is nowinvolved in the construction of high-speed trains, ocean ships, robots, andeven aircrafts. Not long ago, China signed a contract to build a high-speedrail in Indonesia. China also signed a contract with Malaysia to providehigh-speed trains. These facts prove that people rely on Chinese-made products.

Productsmade in China are becoming more and more popular. China has paid a price forit, but it not only helps to eliminate poverty but also provides employmentopportunities for people all over the world. This is a good thing to bepraised. The next time you go to the store, you may want to take a look at thehome of

yourpurchase. Chances are that it is made in China.

1．第一段第一句是一个简单句，需要注意的是“升级”应译为upgrade：upgrade是一个及物动词，因此，本句话中的“将其工业升级”可直接翻译为upgrade妇industry，另外一种译法是使用have sth．done结构，即have its industry upgraded。

2．第二句的翻译难点是“涉足”，可译为isinvolved in…，此外需注意几个专有名词的翻译，难度较大的是“远洋船舶”，译为0cean ships。

3．第三句比较长，是一个并列句。为了使句子不繁琐，可以译成两个分句：第一个分句的句子主干是“中国获得了合同”，“在印度尼西亚建造一条高铁”既可以像参考译文那样翻译为带to的不定式．作后置定语，也可以译为of引出的介词短语，作后置定语，即sign the contract of building a high—speedtram in Indonesia。第二个分句亦可用上述两种翻译方法处理。

4．第一段最后一句可以按照汉语原文的顺序翻译，需要注意的是原文中的“这”指代的是上文提到的中国签署两份合同的事实，故翻译为These facts。

5．翻译第二段第一句时，需要注意“中国造产品”的翻译方法，可以简单地翻泽为Chinese—made products，也可以像参考译文那样译为Products made in China，即使用过去分词短语作后置定语。

6．第二段第二句比较长，为了使句子美观，翻译时可以将长句断开，将“同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会”翻译为第二个分句。需要注意的是几个短语的翻译，“为……付出了代价”常泽为pay a price for…，“消除贫困”译为eliminate poverty，“提供就业机会”译为provide／offer job oppo rttmities for／to。

7．第二段第三句可以译为两个分句，即“这是一件好事”和“这值得称赞”，即This is a good thing and it is worthy of praise．为了使句子简洁，也可像参考译文那样翻译为一个句子，即“这是一件值得称赞的好事”。

8．第二段第四句包含一个时间状语从句，“下次”可翻译为一个名词词组引导时间状语从句，因此，该从句可译为The next time you go to the store。关于主句中的“你所购商品的出产国名”既可以像参考译文那样翻译成the home of your purchase，也可以翻译成一个宾语从句，即wherethe product you bought is produced，作want to know的宾语。

9．最后一句话也非常简单，大家只要了解“很有可能……”的表达方式即可，该短语可译为It is possible／likely that，也可以像参考译文那样译为Chances are that…。

 

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