2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)

Part IWriting(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on thepicturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites onreading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)

听力音频地址：http://wximg.233.com/attached/media/20160426/20160426163351_9893.mp3

SectionA

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 longconversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will beasked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which isthe best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.

1. A.The restaurant offers some specials each day.

B. Therestaurant is known for its food varieties.

C. Thedressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.

D. Thewoman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.

2. A. Hetook over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.

B. He isrunning a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.

3. A.Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.

B. Theman can leave the discs in the office cabinet.

C. Theman may find the supplies in the cabinet.

D. Theprinter in the office has run out of paper.

4. A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.

B. Thewoman can use his glasses to read.

C. Hehas the dictionary the woman wants.

D. Thedictionary is not of much help to him.

5. A. Redecorating her office.

B.Majoring in interior design.

C.Seeking professional advice.

D.Adding some office furniture.

6. A. Problems in port management.

B.Improvement of port facilities.

C.Delayed shipment of goods.

D.Shortage of container ships.

7. A. Their boss.

B. Acolleague.

C. Theirworkload.

D. Acoffee machine.

8. A. Call the hotel manager for help.

B.Postpone the event until a later date.

C. Holdthe banquet at a different place.

D. Getan expert to correct the error.

Questions9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A. He shares some of the household duties.

B. Heoften goes back home late for dinner.

C. Hecooks dinner for the family occasionally.

D. Hedines out from time to time with friends.

10. A. To take him to dinner.

B. Totalk about a budget plan.

C. Todiscuss an urgent problem.

D. Topass on an important message.

11. A.Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.

B. Manymultinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.

C. Thereare wild fluctuations in the international money market.

D. Thereis a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit.

Questions12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A.They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.

B. Theymay not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.

C. Theyform a more realistic picture of life.

D. Theytry to adapt to their changing roles.

13. A.He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.

B. He isable to forget all the troubles in his life.

C. He isable to meet many interesting people.

D. He islucky to be able to do what he loves.

14. A. It is stressful.

B. It isfull of tim.

C. It isall glamour.

D. It ischallenging

15. A.Bothered.

B.Amazed.

C.Puzzled.

D.Excited.

SectionB

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.

PassageOne

Questions16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A.Maintain the traditional organizational culture.

B. Learnnew ways of relating and working together.

C. Followclosely the fast development of technology.

D. Learnto be respectful in a hierarchical organization.

17. A.How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.

B. Howthe team is built to keep improving its performance.

C. Whattype of personnel the team should be composed of.

D. Whatqualifications team members should be equipped with.

18. A. Ateam manager must set very clear and high objectives.

B. Teamsmust consist of members from different cultures.

C. Teammembers should be knowledgeable and creative.

D. Ateam manager should develop a certain set of skills.

PassageTwo

Questions19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A.It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.

B. Itwas mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.

C. Itstarted off as a successful program but was unable to last long.

D. It isa program allowing people to share information on the Web.

20. A.He visited a number of famous computer scientists.

B. Hemet with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.

C. Hesold a program developed by his friends.

D. Heinvested in a leading computer business.

21. A. They had confidence in his new ideas.

B. Theytrusted his computer expertise.

C. Theywere very keen on new technology.

D. Theybelieved in his business connections.

PassageThree

Questions22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. Prestige advertising.

B.Institutional advertising.

C.Wordofmouth advertising.

D.Distributing free trial products.

23. A. To sell a particular product.

B. Tobuild up their reputation.

C. Topromote a specific service.

D. Toattract high-end consumers.

24. A.By using the services of large advertising agencies.

B. Byhiring their own professional advertising staff.

C. Bybuying media space in leading newspapers.

D. Bycreating their own ads and commericais.

25.A.Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.

B.Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.

C.Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.

D.Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.

SectionC

Directions:In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is readfor thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When thopassage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blankswith the exact words you have justhoard. Finally, when tho passage is read forthe third time, you should chock what youhave written.

Extinctionis difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all likethe killing ofindividual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processesof reproduction. Nor is it simply27numbers. Nor is it damage that cansomehow be remedied or for which some substitute can beound. Nor is it somethingthat simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that couldberemedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final actfor which there is no remedy

on earthor in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29usincoming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that weextinguish.Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, weare also making the land and theair and the sea so toxic that the veryconditions of life are being destroyed.31basic naturalresources, notonly are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 疯狂) ofprocessing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of ourrenewable resources, such as the verysoil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.

Thechange that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of thegreatest changes ever totake place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest,since what we are talking about is not simply anotherhistorical change orcultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well aspsychologicalorder of35Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

SectionA

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read thopassage through carefully before making your choices.Eachchoice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark tho correspondingletter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through tho centre.You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.

Questions36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in thetechnology industry that leading companies eventually lose theirpositions,often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe'sbiggesttechnology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just afew years.

In2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers'

preferenceswere already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction ofApple'siPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly andrevenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business toMicrosoft.

Whatsealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in hisposition as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in chargeof Nokia, the company's marketvalue declined by $ 23 million, making him, bythe numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only personat41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adaptto rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had ledNokia'stransition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinatedby thecompany's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain itscompetitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, whichincluded the elimination of

whichhadmotivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left thecompany, taking Nokia'ssense of vision and directions with them. Notsurprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design andprogramming talent leftas well.

A) assumed I) previous

B. biasJ) relayed

C.desperateK) shifting

D.deteriorationL) shrank

E)exceptionM) subtle

F)faultN) transmitting

G)incidentallyO) worldwide

H)notably

SectionB

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once.

Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers:Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave theworld of higher education come on campus withlittle academic know—how and are much morelikely than their peers to drop out before graduation.

[ A]When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student andJamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of highereducation. Like many first—generationstudents, heenrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers werealsoattending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans tocover other costs.

Giventhe high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family,he chose tolive at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while takinga full class schedule.

[ B]What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly lowgraduation rate: a mere 29 percent for itsfirst-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his PellGrant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, makingitimpossible for him to continue paying for school.

[ C]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation collegestudents whoenter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, theseschools are ill-equipped tograduate these students—youngadults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typicallycarryfinancial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to workwhile attendingschool, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).

[ D ]Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last Octoberto reach out to thisspecific population of students. He hopes to distributethis information and help prospectivecollege-goers fmd the best post-secondaryfit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a goodnumber of four—year schools that trulycare about these students and set aside significant resourcesand programs forthem, he says that number isn't high enough.

[ E ]"It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide thoseopportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, addingthat a majority of first-generation undergraduates tendtoward options such asonline programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools.

"Unfortunately,there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students thinkbiggerand broader. "

[ F]Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--andtwo-year schools inparticular. As a former high school teacher, I saw studentschoose familiar, cheaper options yearafter year. Instead of skipping out onhigher education altogether, they chose community collegesor state schools withlow bars for admittance.

[G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"saidDave Jarrat, a marketingexecutive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization thatspecializes in coaching low-income studentsand supporting colleges in order tohelp students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-incomekidscould be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't evenrealize it. "

[ H]"Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them hasthe experience ofsuccessfully completing higher education, so they are comingin questioning themselves and theircollege worthiness," Jarrat continued.That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to whichthese students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorestmatches forthem. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of thisdilemma. Aflagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16percent of its first—generationstudents, despite its overall graduation rate of 71percent. Located only a few hours apart, TheUniversity of Tennessee andTennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overallgraduation rateis a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomesforfirst—generat.ion students and those of their peers.

[I]Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Manylarge institutionskeep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult tofind The University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits onlythat the graduation rate for its first—generationpupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students whograduate within fouryears (81 percent).

[J] Itis actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for manyschools.Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to reportgraduation rates, but thesereports typically only include Pell recipientnumbers—notnecessarily rates specific to fLrst—generationstudents. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine howintimidating itcan be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with thecomplexities of higher education to navigatethis kind of information and thenidentify which schools are the best fit.

[ K] Itwas this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originallyas an annof its umbrella organization, the Center For StudentOpportunity."If we can help to directstudents to more of these types ofcampuses and help students to understand them to be realisticand accessibleplaces, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimatelyget inand enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said,citing a variety of colleges

rangingfrom large state institutions to smaller private schools.

[ L]Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first—generation college studentat Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college,"There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at myhigh school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn'treally know the process. " Jones became involved with a college—access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, sheattributes

muchof her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it wasa completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "

[ M] Shewas fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had anarray of resources for its first—generation students,including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national programthat supported 200 students onHoward's campus. Still, Jones represents a smallpercentage of first-generation students who areable to gain entry into moreelite universities, which are often known for robust financial aidpackages andremarkably high graduation rates for first—generationstudents.(Harvard, for

example,boasts a six—yeargraduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )

[N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success storysettinghim far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot ofsupport at Yale, to an extent, after awhile, there is too much support,"he said, half—joking about the countless resourcesavailable atthe school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a

summerorientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter being one ofthe mostcommon programs for students).

[O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get throughYale; you are going to dowell,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professorswho all provided significantsupport for students who lacked confidence about"belonging" at such a top institution.

46. Manyfirst—generationcollege—goers have doubts about their abilities to geta college degree.

47.First—generationcollege students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.

48. Thegraduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.

49. Sometop institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support thanthey actually need.

50. Onentering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college educationwas.

51. Manyuniversities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates forfirst-generation students.

52.According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income familiesdon't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.

53. Someelite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.

54. I'mFirst distributes information to help first-generation college-goers findschools that are most suitable for them.

55.Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate.

SectionC

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer

Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

PassageOne

Questions56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Sayingthey can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the mostinfluentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh thecosts, not just the effectivenessof treatments, as they make decisions aboutpatient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment butalready controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefinetheir roles, from being concerned exclusively aboutindividual patients toexerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, thenew guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drugoveranother for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life,forexample—is too expensive. In the extreme, somecritics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form ofrationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice ofmedicine, and the latest ones areexpected to make doctors more conscious of theeconomic consequences of their decisions, eventhough there's no obligation tofollow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies tohelp determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Somedoctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient careand fmancial

Overseers."Thereshould be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but theyshouldn'tbe functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. MartinSamuels at a Boston hospital. He saiddoctors risked losing the trust ofpatients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think isbestfor you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget inMassachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade—offs. Studies have shown,for example, that two drugs are about

equallyeffective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50a dose and theother close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millionsof dollars a year if everyone used thecheaper drug, Avastin, instead of thecostlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approvedAvastin for use in the eye. and using itrather than the alternative, Lucentis,might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Shoulddoctors considerMedicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worriedabout the patient in front of us and nottrying to save money for the insuranceindustry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, someanalysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis becausenot manyothers are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy,"it represents a failure of wider society

to takeup the issue. "

56. Whatdo some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?

A.Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.

B. Paymore attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.

C. Takecosts into account when making treatment decisions.

D.Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.

57. Whatwere doctors mainly concerned about in the past?

A.Specific medicines to be used.

B.Effects of medical treatment.

C.Professional advancement.

D.Patients' trust.

58. Whatmay the new guidelines being developed lead to?

A. Theredefining of doctors' roles.

B.Overuse of less effective medicines.

C.Conflicts between doctors and patients.

D. Theprolonging of patients' suffering.

59. Whatrisk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financialoverseers?

A. Theymay be involved in a conflict of interest.

B. Theymay be forced to divide their attention.

C. Theymay have to use less effective drugs.

D. Theymay lose the respect of patients.

60. Whatdo some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?

A. Itmay add to doctors' already heavy workloads.

B. Itwill help to save money for society as a whole.

C. Itresults from society's failure to tackle the problem.

D. Itraises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.

PassageTwo

Questions61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Economicinequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President BarackObama declared in aspeech last month to the Center for American Progress.Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merelybecause it doesn't look good tohave a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequalityitselfdestroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty."Increasedinequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat tothe American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent publicfigure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and thegreatest threat toreducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have alsoarguedthat it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today becausethe rungs (横档) in that ladderhave grown farther apart.

Forall the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equalityof OpportunityProject at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care aboutupward mobility overall, we're vastlyexaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequalityitself is not a particularly strong predictor ofeconomic mobility, associologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis ofthis data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor childrenwill move up the economicladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why theSalt Lake City metro area is one of the 100largest metropolitan areas mostlikely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is oneof theleast likely?

Harvardeconomist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, communitydensity,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools,commtmity religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the "singlestrongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds thatcommunitieslike Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity,are much morelikely to see poor children get ahead than communities likeAtlanta, with high levels of racial andeconomic segregation. Chetty has not yetissued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each ofthesefactors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty hashighlighted, the followingthree seem to be most predictive of upward mobilityin a given community:

1.Per-capita (人均)income growth

2.Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)

3.Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with highlevels of per-capita income growth, high percentages oftwo-parent families, andhigh local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are themostlikely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.

61. Howdoes Obama view economic inequality?

A. It isthe biggest obstacle to social mobility.

B. It isthe greatest threat to social stability.

C. It isthe No. 1 enemy of income growth.

D. It isthe most malicious social evil of our time.

62. Whatdo we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis?

A. It isfast widening across most parts of America.

B. It isnot a reliable indicator of economic mobility.

C. It isnot correctly interpreted.

D. It isoverwhelmingly ignored.

63. Comparedwith Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to

A. haveplaced religious beliefs above party politics

B. havebridged the gap between the rich and the poor

C. offerpoor children more chances to climb the social ladder

D.suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation

64. Whatis strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Cherty?

A.Family structure.

B.Racial equality.

C.School education.

D.Community density.

65. Whatdoes the author seem to suggest?

A. It isimportant to increase the size of the middle class.

B. It ishighly important to expand the metropolitan areas.

C. It ismost imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.

D. It isbetter to start from the community to help poor children move up the socialladder.

PartIVTranslation(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from ChineseintoEnglish. You shou write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定。即使孩子根本不感兴趣。

然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞、、然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解

(第1套)

该题要求我们围绕“社交网络对阅读的影响”展开写作。简单描述图片之后，我们应该重点论述社交网络对阅读所产生的正、反两方面的影响。联系实际可知．其积极影响是激发阅读兴趣，消极影响则是让我们失去了传统的阅读习惯。文章最后需要给出自己的观点。建议考生针对此话题采取二三段式写作方法：

一、描述图片：描述图片并指出图片寓意—社交网络对日常阅读的影响(Social network has exerted allimportant impact Oil our dailyreading)

二、正、反面论证

1．正面影响：社交网络提供大量阅读信息，激发阅读兴趣(pro、4des large coUecfions of

informationat a tremendous speed and stimulates their reading interest)

2．反面影响：大量时间花在社交网络上，没有时间阅读传统书籍(spend SO much time

readingon social networks，don’t have adequate opportumfies or time toread

traditionalbooks)

三、个人观点：有必要在网络上阅读，更有必要阅读传统书籍(it is necessary for US to read on socialnetworking websites，but it is of greater necessity for US to read traditional books)

 

 

主题词汇 indispensable必不可少的 print copies印刷书 be addicted t0…沉溺于…… transform改变 reading approach阅读方式 electronic book(E．book)电子书 replace取代 shorten缩短 give a cold shoulder忽视 side effects副作用 make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages扬长避短

句式拓展 1．If one intends to acquire and enjoy lon9—time  pleasure of readin9，it is not advisable for him．t0…如果一个人想要 得到并且享受长久的阅读乐趣，那就不建}义他…… 2．With the click of the monse，any stories or  information that l want to read at any given tillle or place．is there． 不管何时何地，只要点一下鼠标，我想要读的故事和信息 都会在那儿(网上)。

 

1．W：Wow。what a variety of salads you’ve got on yourmenu!Could you recommend something special?

M：Well，I think you can try this mixed salad．We makethe dressing with fresh berries．

Q：What does the man mean?

C.。未听先知:选项中restaurant出现了两次，A.“饭店每天都有特别供应”、B.“饭店以食品多样而闻名”和C.“拌沙拉的调料使这道菜十分诱人”都在描述饭店好的一面，故推测本题考查内容与饭店哪方面比较出色有关，而D.“女士应该将原料进行充分搅拌”与其他三个选项内容明显不属于一类，故基本可以提前排除。详解女士发现这家饭店的沙拉多种多样，请男士给她推荐点特别的，男士向她推荐了混拌沙拉，因为这道菜的调料是用浆果制作而成。由此可知，是特殊的调料使得这款沙拉与众不同。

2．W：1was talking to Mary the other day and she mentioned that your new consultingfirm is doing really well．

M：Yes．Business picked up much faster than we anticipated．We now have over 200 clients．

Q：What do we learn about theman from the conversation?

B.。未听先知：四个选项均以He开头，由A.“他从Mary那里接手公司”、B.“他正在经营很成功的生意”和D.“他正在建立一家新的咨询公司”可以猜测，对话内容与男士经营公司有关，C.“他没能预见到一些重大问题”属于男士失败的原因，而其他三个选项均为描述一般事实的陈述句，故基本可以提前排除C。

详解女士说她前几天碰到了Mary，从Mary那里听说男士的新咨询公司现在很成功，男士说他的生意发展得比他们预想得要好，现在已经有多于两百名客户了。由此可知，目前男士的生意相当成功。

3．M：Doyou know where we keep flash discs and printing paper?

W：They should be in thecabinet if there are any．That’swhere we keep all of Our office supplies．

Q：What does the woman mean?

C.。未听先知:选项中出现了supplies一词，A.“应该安排人员专门负责办公用品”、B.“男士可以把光盘放在公司的柜子里”、C.“男士应该能在柜子里找到办公用品”和D.“办公室的打印机没纸了”四个选项的语义相互交错，围绕着办公用品、光盘、纸张、柜子展开，听对话时应注意捕捉这几者之间的相互联系。

详解：对话中男士问女士是否知道光盘和打印纸放在哪儿了，女士说如果还有的话，应该都放在柜子里了，因为所有的办公用品都放在那里。由此可知，女士的意思是男士应该能在柜子里找到他所需要的办公用品。

4．W：Theprint in this dictionary is so small．I call’t read the explanation at all．

M：Let me get my magnifyingglass．I know I just can't do without it．

Q：What does the man mean?

A。未读先知：由四个选项中的glass(es)和dictionary可以判断对话内容与阅读词典和眼镜有关，结合A“他必须用放大镜才能看清楚”和B.“女士可以用他的眼镜来阅读”两个选项的意思可以大致判断，对话中的两个人需要借助某种工具才能进行阅读，而C和D.两个选项可以说明他们看不清楚的可能是词典的内容。

详解：对话中女士对男士说词典里的字太小了，她根本就看不清楚那些释义，男士说他要去拿放大镜，没有放大镜，他也无法看清楚。由此可知，男士得用放大镜才能看清楚。

5．W：I'mconsideringhaving my office redecorated．The furniture is old andthe paint is chipping

M：I’llgive you my sisterinlaw’s number．She just graduated from an interior design academy and will giveafree estimate．

Q：What is the womanconsidering?

A。未听先知：选项均为以v-ing形式开头构成的名词性短语，由A.“重新装修她的办公室”和D.“为办公室增加点家具”可以推断，对话内容与办公室的家具和装修有关；B.“主修室内装修专业”和C.“寻找专业建议”也与之相关，由A.中的her判定，听录音时需要特别关注与女士有关的信息。

详解：女士对男士说她正考虑重新装修办公室，家具旧了，墙上的漆也开始脱落了，男士说他可以把他弟妹的电话给女士，因为他弟妹毕业于室内装修学院，可以给女士免费进行评估。由此可知，女士正在考虑的事情是重新装修办公室。

6．W：Wehave afull load of goods that needs to be delivered．Butwe can't get a container ship anywhere．

M：That’s always been a problem in this port．Thefacilities here are never able to meet our needs．

Q：What are the speakerstalking about?

D.。未听先知：四个选项均为名词性短语，由选项A.“港口管理问题”、B.“港口设施的改善”、C.“货运物品延期”和D.“集装箱船匮乏”可以看出，这些选项都提到了港口所面临的一些问题，因此听对话时对此类信息要特别关注。

详解：对话中女士对男士说她们有一大批货物需要运走，但怎么也找不到集装箱船只，男士表示在这个港口，此类问题一直存在，港口的设施根本满足不了人们的需求。由此可知，两人讨论的是港口缺乏集装箱船只的问题。

7．W：Whydi血’t Rod get aPay raise?”

M：The boSS just isn’t convinced that his work attitude warranted it．She said she saw him by the coffeemachine more often than at hisdesk．

Q：What are the speakerstalking about?

B.。未听先知：四个选项都很简短，为四个名词短语，且内容各不相同，通常出现此类选项时，考查内容一般围绕对话的主旨大意展开。

详解:对话中女士奇怪为什么Rod没有涨工资，男士说那是因为老板觉得他的工作态度有问题，老板说她看到Rob在咖啡机边的时间比在办公桌前办公的时间还要多。由此可知，对话中的两人正在讨论他们的同事Rod。

8．W：Thehotel called，saying that because of a scheduling error，they won’t be able to cater for Our banquet

M：Iknow an Indian restauranton the High Street that offers a special dinner for groups．The food isexcellent and the room is large enough to accommodate US．

Q：What does the man suggestthey do?

C.。未听先知：四个选项均为动词短语，可以推断本题考查的是某人的动作行为，结合选项A.“向酒店经理打电话求助”、B.“把事项日期延后”、C.“换个地方举办宴会”和D.“请专家来改正问题”可以推断，应该是某件事情出了差错或是变故，因此本题考查的内容与人们采取的应对措施有关。

详解：对话中女士对男士说酒店打来电话，说由于日程安排出了问题，他们不能承接宴会了，男士马上说他知道在High Street有一家印度餐馆，可以为团体客户提供特殊待遇，那里的食物很棒，房间也足够大。由此可知，男士的言外之意是说他们可以把宴会的地点改在他所推荐的印度餐馆。

M:Hello, Jane.

W:Hello, Paul.

M:Please come in. (9) I'm just gettingready to go home. Susan is expecting me fordinner. I want to be on time for a change.

W: (10)Look, I'm terribly sorry to drop in at this time on Friday, Paul, but it israther important.

M:That's OK. What's the problem?

W.Well,Paul, I won't keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchangerates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. ( 11 )You see there has been a sharp increase in Indian's balance of payment deficit.

M: Isee. That's serious, isn't it'?

W: Well,as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for theRupee look pretty gloomy.

M: Andthat's going to affect us, as if we didn't have enough problems on our hands.

W: So Ithought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect ourposition on the outstanding contracts.

hi: Justa minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that mean exactly?

W: Well,it means that Jo Motors enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at thepresent rate.

M: Isee. And how will that benefit us?

W: Well,Jio Motors won't lose out if the Indian Rupee falls further.

M: Whatwill it cost, Jane?

W: Asmall percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.

M: Well,I don't suppose there is much choice. All right, Jane, let's put it intoaction.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，可以发现，每个题目的侧重点完全不同，第9题考查男士的日常行为，第l0题为不定式短语，应该是考查将要发生的行为动作或是某种目的，第11题出现了Foreign investors，enterprises等词，可推测与商务行为有关，但由第l0题中的urgent problem和important message还是能够推测，对话的主题应该涉及某种比较严蘑的问题。

9．What do we learn about theman’s daily life?

B.。详解：四个选项均以He开头，且均使用了一般现在时，可以推测本题考查内容与男士的日常生活有关。由各选项A.“他分担一些家务职责”、B.“他经常回家很晚，赶不上吃晚饭”、C.“他偶尔会为家人做饭”和D.“他有时会与朋友外出就餐”可以看出，本题的重点是男士通常是怎样解决晚餐的。其中，A.与其他三个选项的内容有较大差异，可以提前排除。对话中男士与女士见面时，男士告诉女士他正要回家，Susan正在家里等他回去吃晚餐，他不能总像平日里那样老是赶不上吃晚餐。for achange表达的意思是“改变一下”，既然男士今天要按时回家与家人一起共进晚餐，也就可以推测出他大多数时候是不按时回家吃晚餐的。

10．Why did the woman come tosee the man?

D.。详解：四个选项均为动词不定式结构，此类选项通常表示本题考查的内容为即将发生的行为动作或某种动作的目的，A.“带他去吃晚餐”与B.“谈论一项预算计划”、C.“讨论一个紧急问题”以及D.“告知一个重要信息”这三个选项的内容明显不属于一类，可以预先排除。对话中女士说她很抱歉在周五的这个时间来找男士，但她的事情非常重要，而没有提到“问题”，因此排除C.，显然女士来找男士的目的就是要告诉男士一件重要的事情。

1 1．What makes the woman worryabout the Indian Rupee?

D.。详解：四个选项都与商业行为相关，而且两次提到了India，可以判断对话内容涉及印度的商业或经济，选项均为对印度经济进行负面描述的句子，但内容各不相同，无法进行排除或断定本题所考查的重点，听对话时就需要对所有涉及到印度经济的内容多加留意。对话中女士明确告诉男士印度的收支平衡赤字急剧升高。

W:Charles, among other things, you are regarded as one of the America's greatmasters of the Blues, a musical idiom that's essentially about loss,particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?

M: ( 12) People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic expectationsabout somebody. Then when the person doesn't turn out to be who they thought heor she was, they start thinking "maybe I can change him or her". Thatkind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are goingto

bepretty much what they are. It's a rare thing for anybody to be able to changewho they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.

W: At62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appealsto you about life on the road?

M: (13)Music. I don't especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are luckyenough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you've got the ultimate inlife.

W:What's the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musician?

M: (14)People think it's all glamour. Actually we have the same trouble as they do.Playing music doesn't mean life treats you any better.

W: Howdo you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?

M: You'dthink I'd be used to it by now. (15) But I still find it fascinating. You go toa little town in Japan,where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on siteand know all of your music. I'm still amazed be the love people express for meand by music.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，第l4、l5题的选项均以形容词为主，无法通过这些形容词判断出对话主题，但由第l2题中的the other half，relationship，picture of life等词可以判断，对话涉及到了恋爱关系以及人们对爱情的理解，而通过第l3题的各选项也可以确定对话与某位男士的精彩生活有关。

12．What does the mail sayabout most people when they get into love affairs?

A.。详解：四个选项均以They开头，根据选项A.“他们对自己的另一半有着不切实际的期待”、B.“他们或许没有准备好形成一种相伴一生的关系”、C.“他们对生活有了更为现实的认识”和D.“他们想要适应自己角色的转变”可以判断，选项中的they指的就是普通大众，本题考查的是人们对爱情或者婚姻、家庭的看法。对话中女士问男士为什么爱情不能永葆活力，男士说人们陷入恋爱关系时，往往都对对方抱有一种不切实际的期待，如果对方与自己想象得不一样，则希望对方能够为自己而改变．坦实际上，人们很难真正改变。

13．What does the mail sayabout himself as a singer OH the road most of his life?

D.。详解：四个选项均以He开头，A.“他很幸运，能够去很多新奇的地方”、B.“他能够忘记生活中的烦恼”、C.“他能够认识很多有趣的人”和D.“他很幸运，能够做自己喜欢的事情”，四个选项都是在描述男士的美好生活，可以判断对话中一定讲述了男士幸福的一面，听对话时对此类信息要特别注意。对话中女士问男士，他已经62岁了，还经常到处走动，是什么吸引他一直上路，男士毫不犹豫地说是音乐促使他前行，能够做自己真正热爱的事情的人是幸运的，他们能够触碰到生活的极致。由此可见，男士所做的正是他自己喜欢的事情。

14．What do most people thinkof the life of a famous musician?

C.。详解：四个选项均为简单的主系表结构，四个形容词是关键，选项所给信息过少，无法判断本题考查内容，但听录音时，对与这些形容词有关联的内容都要注意捕捉。对话中女士问男士人们最容易对知名音乐家所产生的错误概念是什么，男士明确地说，人们认为知名音乐家的生活只有光辉，这是不对的。生活对于他们并不比对待普通人更加仁慈。

15．How does the mall feelwhenever he is recognized by his fans?

B.。详解：四个选项均为单个形容词，有正面的，也有负面的，选项所给信息过少，无法判断本题考查内容，但听录音时，对与这些形容词有关联的内容都要注意捕捉。对话中女士问男士走到哪儿都会被人认出来的感觉如何，男士说，按说他应该已经习惯了这种感觉，但事实是，他依然感觉十分惊异。他举了一个例子，他曾经去过一个日本小镇，那里的人根本不会说英语，但却一下子就认出他了，还知道他的音乐。fascinating和amazed的意思相似，都表示“惊异，惊喜”。

Changingtechnology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management.Inflation, resourcescarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have allunderscore the need for better coordination inorganizations. Team managementprovides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skillsifpersonnel potential is to be fully realized. (16) Although a team may becomposed of knowledg

theymust learn new ways of relating and workin together to solve cross-functionalproblems. When teamsconsist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizationswho have been conditioned to traditionalorganizational culture, cooperation maynot occur naturally. It may need to be created. (17) Furthermore, theissue isnot just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates withthe overall organizationor society that it supposedly serves. A group ofindividuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, teambuilding may benecessary in order to improve the group's performance.Casey, an expert in thisfield,suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized,promoted and managed. He believesthat team corporation results when members gobeyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is usedto being anddoing. Together, the team may then produce something new, tmique and superiorto that of anyone member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-culturalmanagers exhibit understanding of their ownand other's cultural influences andlimitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration ofambiguity,persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. (18) If a teammanager xemplifies such qualities, then theteam, as a whole, would be betterable to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由第16题中的organizational culture，第l7题和l8题中多次出现的team一词，以及qualifications，team manager，cultures等词可以推测，短文可能与企业或商业环境中的团队合作、团队建设有关。

16．What should team membersdo to fully realize their potential?’

B.。详解：四个选项均为以动词原形开头的句子结构，可以判断本题考查的是行为动作。A.“保持传统的组织文化”、B.“学习新的关联方式，共同协作”、C.“紧跟技术的快速发展”和D.“学会尊重企业等级制度”均为现代企业中员工所应该做的事情，听录音时注意判断文章当中提到的是哪一点。短文中说，虽然团队当中可能有些人的确非常博学，但他们也应该学会与团队中的其他人员共同协作，形成良好的合作关系，一起解决问题。

17．What needs to beconsidered for effective team management?

A.。详解：四个选项均为疑问词开头的陈述句语序的句子，因此可以判断问题中一定包含某种结构，这些选项均可以充当该词或该表达的宾语。结合选项A.“团队该怎样与它的服务对象相融合”、B.“该怎样建设团队才能改善团队表现”、C.”团队中应该纳入什么样的员工”和D.“团队中的成员应该具有怎样的素质”可以推测，本题考查应该怎样进行团队建设。短文中提到，问题不仅在于应该怎样让团队更高效地工作，还应该让团队与他所服务的公司或社会融合在一起。

18．What conclusion Can wedraw from what Casey says?

D.。详解：四个选项的意思分别为A.“团队经理必须设立清晰且较高的目标”、B.“团队必须包含有不同文化背景的队员”、C.“团队成员应该知识丰富，并富有创造性”和D.“团队经理应该具备某些特定的技能”，其中有两项都提到了团队经理，可以初步判断本题考查的内容极有可能与团队经理所应该具备的素质或是其所应该承担的责任有关。短文中提到按照Casey的看法，如果团队经理能够展示出他所提到的各种素质，整个团队就能够更好地发挥潜力，实现目标。也就是说，团队经理应该具备某些特定的素质。

In early1994, when Mark Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valleywith an idea thatwould change the world. (19) As a student at the University ofIllinois, he and his friends had developed aprogram called Mosaic, whichallowed people to share information on the world wide web. Before Mosaic,theweb had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who werehappy just to send and receivetext. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friendshad developed a program which could send images over theweb as well. Mosaic wasan overnight success. It was put on the university's network at the beginningof 1993.

And bythe end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen wentto seek his fortune inSilicon Valley. (20) Once he got there, he started tohave meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was oneof the Valley's most famousentrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet

whichwas still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunitythat would make him andClark rich within two years. He suggested they shouldcreate a new computer program that would do the samejob as Mosaic but would bemuch easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Pmdreessen, whose ideasandenthusiasm impressed him greatly. ( 21 ) Eventually, Clark agreed to investthree million dollars of his ownmoney in the project, and to raise an extrafifteen million from venture capitalists who were always keen tolisten toClark's new ideas.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由第20题中的He可以推断，文章与某位男士的个人经历有关，该题选项中出现了computer scientists，computer business等词，再结合第19题中的program，第21题中的technology，computer expertise可以推测，文章可能围绕计算机行业中的某位男士展开。

19．Wath do we learn aboutMosaic?

D.。详解：四个选项均以It开头，意思分别为A.“它是Illinois大学提供的分享教学观点的平台”

B.“它主要用于科学家和技术人员之间的文字信息传递”、C.“它刚开始时是一个很成功的软件，但没能持续很久”和D.“这一程序允许人们通过网络共享信息”，由此可以判断，It一定是某种技术形式，更有可能是某种软件或平台，本题考查内容与It的功能有关。短文一开始就提到，Mark和他的朋友开发了Mosaic，它可以允许人们通过网络在全世界范围内共享信息。

20．What did Andreessen doupon arriving in Silicon Valley?

B.。详解：选项均以He开头，A.“他拜访了一批著名的计算机科学家”、B.“他与一位名为Jim Clark的企业家碰了面”、C.“他卖掉了朋友们开发的软件”和D.“他投资了一项领先的计算机生意”都是对He行为动作的描述，听录音时应注意捕捉与He的行为动作相关的信息。短文中说Andreessen一到硅谷，首先就与硅谷的著名企业家Jim Clark进行了会面。

21．Why were venturecapitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?

A.。详解：四个选项均以They开头，A.“他们对他的新想法充满信心”、B.“他们相信他的计算机专业知识”、C.“他们对新科技十分狂热”、D.“他们相信他的业务关系”都是在表述“他们”对于“他”的看法．听录音时首先要确定的是They和he分别指代的是什么人，才能正确判断他们之间的关联。短文最后一部分说，Clark不仅自己投了资，还为Andreessen找了风险投资家，他们之所以愿意为Andreessen投资，主要是因为他们热衷于Clark的新想法。

Advertisinginforms consumers about the existence and benefits of products and sewices andattempts topersuade them to buy them. (22) The best form of advertising isprobably word-of-mouth advertising whichoccurs when people tell their friendsabout the benefits of products or services that they have purchased.Yetvirtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paidadvertising instead. ( 23 ) IndeedManyrganizations also use institutional orprestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputationrather thanto sell particular products. (24) Althouanies could easily set up their ownadvertisingdepartments, write their own advertisements and buy media spacethemselves, they tend to use the services of advertising_agencies. These arelikely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects ofadvertisingand advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfiedcompany to give itsaccount to another agency than it would be to fire its ownadvertising staff. The client company generally givesthe advertising agency anagreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign knownas abrief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to becommunicated to the target customers.

Theagency creates advertisements and develops a media plan, specifying which mediawill be used and inwhich proportions.(25) Agencies often produce alternativeads or commercials that are pretested innewspapers, television stations, etc.,in different parts of the country before a final choice is made prior toanational camoalgn.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，第22题中反复出现了advertising一词，第24题选项中也出现了advertising，ads，commercials等词，可以猜测文章内容与广告行业有关。

22．What is probably the bestform of advertising according to the speaker?

C.。详解：选项均为名词短语，A.、B.、C.三个选项描述的都是广告类型，D.虽然没有出现advertising一词，但“分发免费试用品”也是广告推销的一种形式，可以判定本题考查内容与广告形式有关。短文开头处提到，最好的广告形式就是臼口相传，也就是人们会把自己认为不错的产品或服务推荐给朋友。

23．What does the speaker sayis purpose of many organizations’using prestigeadvertising?

B.。详解：选项均为不定式短语，通常不定式短语所表达的是目的、打算或是即将发生的行为动作，由各选项意思：A.“销售特定商品”、B.“树立声誉”、C.“推广特定服务”和D.“吸引高端客户”可以推测，本题考查内容与广告的目的有关。短文中提到很多机构通过广告公司进行宣传，并不一定是想要销售产品，更多的是想树立企业或公司的良好声誉。

24．How do large companiesgenerally handle their advertising?

A.。详解：四个选项均为以By开头的介词短语，介词by通常表示某种方式或手段，由各选项的意思：

A.“使用大型广告公司的服务”、B.“雇用自己的专业广告人员”、C.“在行业领先的报纸上购买广告空间”和D.“制作自己的广告”可知，本题考查的是通过何种手段进行广告活动。短文中提到，虽然对于大公司来说，建立自己的广告部门、自己撰写广告方案、购买媒体空间都不是多么困难的事情，但他们还是倾向于借助大型广告公司所提供的服务来做广告。

25．What would advertisingagencies often do before a national campaign?

D.。详解：四个选项均为动词原形开头的句子结构，可以判定本题考查的是行为动作，由B.选项中的survey和D.选项中的Pre．test，ads可以推测，本题考查内容与真正投放广告前的行为有关。短文最后提到，广告公司在向全国投放广告之前，通常会先小范围地在报纸、电视等渠道上进行测试，也就是说，他们会在特定的地区进行广告试验。

26．eternal。详解：空格位于不定冠词an和名词concept之间，应该填入以元音发音开头的形容词作定语，修饰名词concept。第一句提到物种灭绝是一个不容易理解的概念，而在下文提到，它与杀死那些可以再重生的单个生命形式不同，也就是说，它是一个永远无法逆转的概念。eternal意为“永远的，永恒的”。

27．diminishing。详解：空格所在句和后面两句构成了排比句式，说明了extinction这一概念的独特性。空格所在句为倒装句，充当句子的表语，由于空格后有名词，因此，填入的词需要和名词numbers一起构成名词性短语。由句意可知，灭绝不仅仅是数字的减少。diminish意为“减少，减小”。

28．absolute。详解：空格位于连词and之前，需要填入一个形容词，与final形成并列关系，一起来修饰名词act。物种的灭绝是永远的消失，绝对不会再出现。absolute意为“绝对的”。

29．succeed。详解：空格位于状语从句中的谓语部分，由于前面的主语为复数，主句时态为一般将来时，因此，空格内填人动词的一般现在时。由空格后的in coming centuries可知，此处要表达的意思是：不管在我们之后还有多少代人会继续生存，都不会再看到那些已经灭绝的物种了。succeed意为“接替，继承”。

30．on a vast scale。详解：空格所在句不缺少句子主要成分，因此，应填入副词或副词短语，充当句子的状语。上一段提到了灭绝，本段提到了人类对自然资源的浪费和破坏，这些都是大范围的行为。on a vast scale意为“大面积的，大范围的”。

31．As regards。详解：空格与其后的名词短语basic natural resources不是句子主干的一部分，因此需要填人介词，构成介词短语。上一句说到了人类对天空、大地和空气的污染，本句则提到了自然资源。As regards意为“至于，关于”。注意空格位于句首，As首字母需要大写。

32．used up。详解：空格位于句子的谓语部分，与are…being连在一起构成现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被……”，因此应该填入动词或动词词组。由but we are also rtfinin9可知，此处要表达的意思是：我们正在以疯狂的速度和手段将自然界中不可再生的资源消耗殆尽。used up意为“用光，消耗光”。注意使用动词的过去分词形式。

33．disposing。详解：空格前有两个动名词processing，consuming，由and确认这三个词应该是并列关系，因此也填入动词的一ing形式。这里要表达的意思是：人类正在处理、消耗、丢弃珍贵的资源。disposing意为“处理，扔掉”。

34．modification。详解：空格位于形容词cultural之后，应该填入名词，与cultural形成名词短语后，再通过OI?与historical change形成并列关系。与change“变化”相对应的词为modification。modification意为“修改，改变”。

35．magnitude。详解：空格位于介词0f之后，应该填入名词，充当介词的宾语。空格所在句要表达的意思是：人类正在经历的变革十分重大，不仅是简单的历史变迁或是文化变更，而是地理、生物以及心理等各种秩序的重大变革。magnitude意为“重要性。重要程度”。

名词：B.bias偏见，倾向；D.deterioration变质，退化，恶化；E)excephon例外；F)fault过错，过失动词：A.assumed承担(权力，责任)；J)relayed接替，转播，转告；K)shiftin9改变，略微移动；L)shrank收缩，缩减；N)txansmitting传导，传播

形容词：C.desperate绝望的，孤注一掷的；I)previous先前的；M)subtle微妙的，不易察觉的副词：G)incidentally顺便地，附带；H)notably显著地，尤其；0)worldwide在全世界

36．E.exception。详解：该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，且位于系动词Was和形容词n0之后，此处可以理解为形容词作定语修饰名词，因此应填入名词exception作整个句子的表语，结合上下文综合分析，本句含义为：手机生产商诺基亚公司也并不例外。故答案为E)exception“例外”。备选项中bias，deterioration，fault与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

37．O.worldwide。详解：该空格位于主谓结构的句子中，并处于句子的末端，本句主要成分齐全，因此应填人副词worldwide作地点状语，起修饰作用。本句含义为“2007年时，诺基亚公司占全世界手机销量的40％以上”。故答案为O)worldwide“在全世界”。备选项中incidentally及notably与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

38．K.shifting。详解:该空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，系动词were之后，介词toward之前，因此可填人现在分词，构成过去进行时，描述过去某一时间正在发生的动作或行为，本句含义为“但此时客户的偏好正在向触屏智能手机转变”。故答案为K)shifting“改变，略微移动”。备选项中transmitting与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

39．L.shrank。详解：该空格位于句子主语之后的谓语动词位置，根据上下文判断此处应为一般过去时，因此应填入动词过去式，本句的含义为“诺基亚市场份额缩小，收入骤降”。故答案为L)shrank“收缩，缩减”。备选项中assumed及relayed虽然满足语法要求，但其与上下文语义不符，故排除：

40．A.assumed。详解:该空格位于以which引导的定语从句中，且处于定语从句的谓语动词位置，又因出现了明确的时间状语in October 2010，因此应填入动词过去式，本句的含义为“他于2010年l0月开始担任诺基亚公司首席执行官一职”。故答案为A.assumed“承担(权力，责任)”。备选项中relayed与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

41．F.fault。详解:该空格位于介词at之后，应填入名词，构成介宾短语，at fault为固定搭配，含义为“有责任，有过错”，本句含义为“但出问题的并不仅仅是埃洛普一人”。故答案为F)fault“过错，过失”：备选项中bias及deterioration与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

42．H.notably。详解:该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，且该句主要成分齐全，空格位于Most之后，应填入副词，构成最高级形式，本句含义为“最显著的就是Jorma Ollila”。故答案为H)notably“显著地，尤其”。备选项中incidentally与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

43．I.previous。详解:该空格位于名词所有格the company’S之后，名词success之前，可填人形容词进一步修饰名词success，本句含义为“但他过于迷恋公司以前所取得的成就”，故答案为I)previous“先前的”。备选项中desperate及subtle与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

44．C.desperate。详解:该空格位于不定冠词a之后，名词短语cost．cutting program之前，应填入形容词进一步修饰名词短语的中心词program。本句含义为“公司还开始了一场孤注一掷的降低成本运动”。故答案为C.desperate“绝望的，不顾一切的，孤注一掷的”。备选项中subtle与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

45．D.deteriorationo 详解:该空格位于定冠词the之后，介词of之前，应填人名词。本句含义为“这有损于公司原本生机勃勃的企业文化”。“故答案为D.deterioration“变质，退化，恶化”。备选项中bias与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

详解详析

46. Manyfirst-generation college goers have doubts about their abilities togetacollegedegree.

译文；很多第一代大学生怀疑自己是否有能力拿到大学文凭。

定位；由题干关键词havedoubts about their abilities定位到原文画线处。

47.First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdensthan their peers.

译文：第一代大学生的经济负担往往比同龄人更重。

定位：由题干关键词heavier financialburdens定位到原文画线处。

48. Thegraduation rate of first-generation studentsatNijay'suniversitywas incrediblylow.

译文：尼杰所就读大学的第一代大学生毕业率低得令人难以置信。

定位：由题干关键词graduation rate，Nijay’s和low定位到原文画线处。

49. Sometop institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generationstudentswithmoresupport than they actually need.

译文：像耶鲁这样的顶尖大学似乎给其第一代大学生提供了超过他们实际需求的帮助。

定位：由题干关键词Yale和more support定位到原文画线处。

50. Onentering college, Nijay Wiflliams hadnoideahowchallenging college educationwas.

译文：尼杰·威廉姆斯刚进入大学时，并不知道大学教育会有多大的挑战。

定位：由题干关键词enteringcollege和Nijay Williams定位到原文画线处。

51. Manyuniversities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for firstgeneration students.

译文；很多大学直接拒绝公布第一代大学生毕业率的准确数据。

定位：由题干关键词graduation rates及first—generation students定位到原文画线处。

52.According to a marketing executive,many students from low-income families don'tknow they could have a chance of going to an elite university.

译文：根据某位市场部高管所说，很多来自低收人家庭的学生并不知道自己能有机会上一所名校。

定位：由题干关键词marketing executive，students from low—income families和all eliteuniversity定位到原文画线处。

53. Someelite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generationstudents' self- confidence.

译文：一些精英大学很看重培养第一代大学生的自信心。

定位：由题干关键词Some elite universities和confidence定位到原文画线处。

54. I'mFirst distributes information to helpfirst-generationcollege-goersfind

schoolsthat are most suitable for them.

译文：我是第一代”传播信息以帮助第一代大学生找到最适合他们的学校。

定位：由题于关键词I'm First，distributes information和couege—goers定位到原文画线处。

55.Eliteuniversitiestendtograduate first-generationstudents at a higher rate.

译文：很多精英大学第一代大学生的毕业率往往很高。

定位：由题干关键词Eliteuniversities和at a higher rate定位到原文画线处。

56．C.。定位：由题干关键词influential medical groups定位到文章首段的后半部分．．．．thatdoctors weighthe costs，not just the effectiveness of treatments，as they make decisions about patient care．

详解：事实细节题。定位句指出医疗集团建议医生在决定病人的治疗方案时，不仅要考虑疗效，还要考虑医疗成本费用，故答案为C.

点睛：A“反思他们所应承担的责任”，在原文并没有明确提示，可以排除；B“对其治疗效果更加注意”，这与原文要表达的意思正好相反，可以排除；D“从削减医保的角度重新调整其操作”，原文虽然提到医生要考虑医疗费用，但并没有明确提出让医生们直接考虑削减医保，可以排除。

57．B。定位：由题干关键词doctors，concerned和inthe past定位到文章第二段后半部分．Ifrom beingconcerned exclusivelyabout individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollarsarespent．

详解：推理判断题。从定位句及其所在段落可以看出，作者提到一个关于医生角色的关键性的变化，即从单纯考虑病人个体转为对医疗费用的使用施加影响，可见，医生过去只考虑治疗效果，故答案为B。

点睛： A“具体使用哪种药品”，过于片面，可以排除；C“行业的进步”，原文中没有提及，可以排除；D“患者的信任”，尽管后文提到了医生如果一味考虑医疗成本，极可能会失去患者的信任，但从整体看，医生过去首要关注的还是疗效，患者的信任也是基于疗效，可以排除。

58．A。定位：根据题于关键词new guidelines和lead to定位到文章第三段首句．．．．the new guidelinesbeing developed could result in doctors choosingone drug over another for cost reasons or evendeciding that a particulartreatment--at the end of life．for example--is tooexpensive．

详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，医生会基于价格考虑，从而决定药品的使用和医疗方案，这与上一段首句提到的redefine their roles相呼应，医生从仅仅只考虑疗效到在决定中引入费用因素，其角色确实发生了转变，故答案为A。

点睛： B.“过度使用疗效较差的药品”，文中只是提到医生会在使用药品的决策上考虑费用，并没有说会更多使用疗效较差的药品，可以排除；C.“医患之间的矛盾”，第六段虽然提到医生考虑经济因素可能引发患者的不信任，但还没有上升到医患矛盾，故不是新政策的主要后果，可以排除；D.“延长患者的痛苦”，文中没有提到新的医疗指导方针会产生这样的后果，可以排除。

59．D。定位：由题于关键词risk和providers，financialoverseers定位到文章第五段：Some doctors see apotential conflictin trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial overseers．和第六段第二句：He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients…

详解：事实细节题。第五段首先提到医生作为医疗服务提供者和医疗成本监察员，本就存在着潜在矛盾，而在随后的第六段第二句中又明确指出，这样会使医生失去病人的信任，故答案为D。

点睛： A“他们可能陷入利益矛盾中”，该句说法过于笼统，可以排除；B.“他们可能被迫分散精力”，文章并没有明确提出医生身兼两种角色时可能会分散精力，可以排除；C.“他们可能不得不使用效力较差的药品”，本题考查的是医生身兼两种角色的风险，对于不同药物药力的比较，虽然原文有所提及，但这并不是医生们面临的风险，可以排除。

60．C。定位：由题干关键词experts和medical cost analysis定位到文章最后一段：Still，some analysts saythat there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not manyothers are doing So．“In someways．”said Dr．Daniel Sulmasy．it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue．’’

详解：推理判断题。最后一段首句指出，尽管医生兼任医药成本监察员的职责并不合适，但又不得不为之，因为很少有其他群体能做到，而作者更进一步引用丹尼尔·赛尔马西医生的话指出，整个社会没能成功处理这一问题，故答案为C。

点睛：A“它可能增加医生本已沉重的负担”，医学专家并没有就医生的负担轻重进行讨论，可以排除；B“它可以帮助整个社会节省经费”，专家们并没有提到这一点，可以排除；D.“它提升了医生的社会责任意识”，这种说法完全偏离了本文的中心思想，可以排除。

61．A。定位：由题干关键词0bama和economic inequality定位到文章第一段第二句：Inequality isdangerous，he argued，not merely because it doesn’t look good tohave a large gap between the richand the poor，butbecause inequality itseff destroys upward mobility，maltingit harder for the poor toescape from poverty．

详解：事实细节题。定位句提到，奥巴马把不公平称为“我们这个时代决定性的挑战”，并指出不公平之所以危险是因为它破坏了社会阶层的提升，令贫困者难以摆脱贫困，故答案为A。

点睛：B“它是社会稳定的最大威胁”，本文主要探讨的是社会阶层的提升，而不是社会稳定性，可以排除；C“它是收入增长的头号敌人”，这是对原文的曲解，社会不公平影响的主要是穷人社会经济地位的上升，文章并没有提到不公平和收入增长的关系，可以排除；D“它是我们这个时代最恶毒的社会罪行”，原文并没有从道德角度进行阐述，可以排除。

62．B.。定位：由题干关键词the inequality gap和Scott Winship’s data analysis定位到文章第三段最后一句：Inequalityitself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility，as sociologist ScottW111ship noted in a recent article based on hisanalysis of this data．

详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，不公平本身并不是社会流动性的强预警信号，也就是说不公平不是社会流动性的可靠指标，后文还论证并列举了与社会活动性相关度较高的若干因素，故答案为B。

点睛： A“它在美国大部分地区迅速蔓延”，文章只是提到美国社会有贫富差距，但并没有对发展趋势进行任何说明，可以排除；C“它没有得到正确诠释”，该项的说法太过笼统，可以排除；D“它完全被忽视了”，文章开头就高调地论述奥巴马对经济不公平现象的观点，可见，这个问题并没有被忽视，可以排除。

63．C定位：根据题干中的地名Atlanta和Salt Lake City定位到文章第五段最后一句：Chetty finds thatcommunities like Salt Lake City，with high levels of two—parent families andreligiosity，are muchmore likely to see poor childrenget ahead than communities like Atlanta，with highlevels of racialand economic segregation．

详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，像盐湖城这样兼具双亲的虔诚宗教家庭比例较高的社区，比亚特兰大那种种族和经济隔离程度高的社区更能为贫困孩子提供上升机会，可见，它能为贫困孩子提供更多攀登社会阶梯的机会，故答案为C。

点睛： A.“将宗教信仰置于政党政策之上”，文章只提到宗教问题，并没有说到政党政策，可以排除；

B.“已经缩小了贫富之间的差距”，比较两个城市时，作者只谈到了社会流动性，并没有提到其内部的贫富差距，可以排除；D.“为严重的种族和经济隔离所困”，这种说法与原文相反，种族和经济隔离程度高的是亚特兰大，而不是盐湖城，可以排除。

64．A.。定位：由题干关键词strongly correlated和Rai Chetty定位到文章第五段首句：Harvard economistRaj Cherty has pointed to economic and racialsegregation，community density，thesize of acommunity’s  middle class，the quality of schools，community religiosity，and family structure，whichhe calls the“single strongest correlate of upward mobility．”

详解：事实细节题。根据定位句可知，在查蒂提到的若干影响社会活动性的因素中，家庭结构是“社会阶层提升的唯一强相关因素”，故答案为A。

点睛：B.“种族平等”，该项没有被列入查蒂所说的若干因素中，可以排除；C“学校教育”，查蒂虽然提到这个因素，但它不属于强相关因素，可以排除；D“社区密度”，与选项C一样，虽然提及，但不属于强相关因素，可以排除。

65．D.。定位：根据题文同序原则，定位至文章最后一段：In other words，communities with high levelsofper-capita income growth，high percentages of two-parentfamilies，and high local governmentspending-which maystand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children reliveHoratioAlger’s ragstoriches story．

详解：推理判断题。从定位段中可看出，作者提到如何帮助穷苦孩子提高社会经济地位时，一直都是从社区层面进行分析的，前文也多次有类似的提示，故答案为D。

点睛：A“加大中产阶层的规模非常重要”，这虽然是作者提到的重要影响因素之一，但不足以集中概括作者的观点，可以排除；B“扩大城市规模十分重要”，影响社会流动性的因素中未涉及城市规模，可以排除；C“我们应该努力消除收入不均”，作者在第三段就提出，贫富差距并不像很多公众人物指出的那样，对社会流动性有关键性的影响力，可见，文章并没有集中讨论收入不均的问题，可以排除。

InChina, parents always try every means to help their children, and even makeimportant decisions forthem. They never care what the children really wantbecause they believe that it is good for the children. As aresult, children'sgrowth and education tend to surrender to the wills of their parents.

If parentsdecide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase theirchances of beingadmitted to a key school, they will stick to their decision,even if their children are not interested in it.

In theUnited States, however, parents are likely to respect their children'sopinions, and to pay moreattention to their opinions in making decisions.

It maybe worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance toeducation. However, theyshould learn how to balance the relationsop betweenparents and the children from American parents when itcomes to education.

1．第一段第一句比较长，一种翻泽方法是将其断为两个句子翻译，以避免句子繁琐。第一个分句的翻译难点在于“竭力”，比较简单的翻译方法是如同参考译文那样，译为try every means to do sth．；另外，还可以使用较难的表达：endeavourto do sth．。第二个分句相对简单，翻译为一个原因状语从句即可。

2．第二句的翻译难点在于“屈从于”的翻译，英语中较为常见的翻译是yield t0和surrender to。另外就是“往往”的翻译，参考译文中的tend to表达一种趋势，比较常见的more often than not也是一种不错的表达。

3．第二段为独句段，句子看起来复杂，仔细分析句子结构可知，这句话其实包含了一个条件状语从句，一个目的状语从句和一个让步状语从句，主句是“他们会坚持自己的决定”。其次是几个短语的翻译，“报名参加”用register或sign up for均可；“增加做某事的机会”常译为increase the chance of doing sth．；“坚持自己的决定”用holdfirmly表达比较形象，也可译为stick to。

4．第三段中，“尊重孩子的意见”和“在决策时更注重他们的意见”是并列顺承关系，用and连接。“更注重”可按照参考译文那样译为pay more attention to，也可以译为attach more importance to。

5．第四段第一句有两种翻译方法，第一种是使用It+be+adj．+for sb．to do sth．结构，it作形式主语，to dosth．充当真正的主语。第二种翻译方法是使用动名词的复合结构作主语，即Chinese parents’attaching greatimportance toeducation may be praiseworthy。

6．第四段最后一句是一个复合句，句子主干是“他们应向美国父母学习”，“涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系”是“学习”的宾语，该宾语结构应由how引出。需要注意的是“涉及”的翻译，when it comes to…是最为常见的表达方式。“平衡”在此处是一个动词，翻译时可像参考译文那样使用balance的动词用法，也可以使用其名词用法，即keepa balancebetween…and…。

 

附：最全历年英语四六级真题答案及下载大汇总！

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